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functional neuroanatomy > week 5 - brainstem > Flashcards

week 5 - brainstem Flashcards

1
Q

What is the caudal-most grey matter region in the spinal cord?

A

Conus medullaris at L2

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2
Q

Describe the posterior blood supply to the brainstem

A
  • vertebral artery branches fuse to form basilar artery
  • basilar artery branches off to supply many regions of brainstem and other structures
  • at the level of pons: anterior inferior and superior cerebellar arteries
  • midbrain: posterior cerebral arteries
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3
Q

What do the anterior inferior and superior cerebellar arteries supply?

A

Surface of the cerebellum

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4
Q

What do the posterior cerebral arteries supply?

A

Medial and inferior surface of the occipital and temporal lobes

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5
Q

What arises from the vertebral artery?

A

Posterior inferior cerebellar artery

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6
Q

What do the deep perforating vessels supply?

A

The brainstem

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7
Q

Describe the brainstem subdivision vasculature

A
  • medial vessels supply medial parts of brain stem eg. Vertebral, spinal branches and basilar arteries
  • lateral parts of brainstem and cerebellum supplied by longer vasculature (PICA, ACIA, SCA)
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8
Q

What does the posterior cerebral artery supply?

A

Occipital and temporal lobes

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9
Q

Which arteries supplies the cerebellum?

A
  • Posterior + anterior inferior cerebellar artery
  • Superior cerebellar artery
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10
Q

What are the functions of the brainstem?

A
  1. Conduit function
  2. cranial nerve functions
  3. integrative centres (reticular formation)
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11
Q

What is the conduit function of the brain stem?

A

brainstem facilitates ascending and descending pathways

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12
Q

What is the function of the cranial nerves?

A
  • cranial nerves provide sensory input and motor output for the head
  • provide parasympathetic motor output
  • carry special senses and facilitate reflexes in collaboration with the brainstem
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13
Q

What is the function of the brainstem being a integrative centre? Reticular formation?

A
  • mediation of autonomic control of respiratory and cardiovascular reflexes essential for survival (swallowing)
  • modulation of somatic function via descending pathways and sensorimotor integration via cerebellum
    Regulation of conscious states, and sensorimotor and cognitive functions via diffuse neuromodulatory system
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14
Q

What is the function of the mesencephalon?

A
  • processing of visual and auditory data
  • generation of reflexive somatic motor responses
  • maintenance of consciousness
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15
Q

What is the function of the pons?

A
  • relays sensory information to cerebellum and thalamus
  • subconscious somatic and visceral motor centres
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16
Q

What is the function of the medulla oblongata?

A
17
Q

What is the organisation of the brainstem like?

A
  • brainstem is extension of spinal cord
  • transition into brainstem at C2 and above
  • sensory nuclei that were dorsal move laterally -> become more lateral and ventral
  • motor nuclei that were more lateral, move medially
18
Q

What does the superior colliculus entail?

A

Visual information

19
Q

What does the inferior colliculus entail?

A

Auditory information

20
Q

What do the middle and inferior cerebellar peduncle contain?

A

Most of cerebellar afferents

21
Q

What can you see form a ventral view onto the spinal cord?

A
  • cerebral peduncle
  • basal pons
  • pyramid
  • olive
  • > descending tracts are ventral eg/ corticospinal tract
22
Q

What is the internal organisation of the midbrain like?

A
  • corticospinal tract descends via cerebral peduncle
  • colliculi present on dorsal side of midbrain
23
Q

Via what structure does the corticospinal tract descend in the pons?

A

Peduncles

24
Q

Via what structure does the corticospinal tract descends in the medulla?

A

Pyramids

25
Q

What do the middle and inferior peduncles contain?

A

Ascending cerebellar afferents

26
Q

What cranial nerves are purely sensory?

A

1,2,8

27
Q

What cranial nerves are pure motory?

A

3,4,6,11,12

28
Q

What cranial nerve are mixed sensory and motor?

A

5, 7, 9, 10

29
Q

Where are the cranial nerves generally located?

A

Midbrain 2-4
Pons 5-7
Medulla 9-12

30
Q

Are the sensory nerves and nuclei lateral or medial?

A

Lateral

31
Q

Are the motor nerves and nuclei medial or lateral?

A

Medial

32
Q

What are cranial nerve nuclei?

A
  • afferent roots arise in cranial ganglia (except mesencephalic nucleus of V)
  • sensory afferent roots synapse with second order (relay) neurons in the cranial nerve sensory nuclei within the brainstem
  • motor efferent roots arise form cranial nerve motor nuclei
33
Q
A

functional neuroanatomy (16 decks)

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