Week 5 - Autonomic nervous system/mechanisms of pain Flashcards
What are the 7 sensory receptors
- Mechanoreceptors
- Chemoreceptors
- Thermoreceptors
- Nociceptors
- Photoreceptors
- Osmoreceptors
- Proprioceptors
What is the function of Mechanoreceptors?
- Detects change in position of receptor
- Stretch, pressure, touch
What is the function of Chemoreceptors?
- Detect change in concentration of chemicals
- C02, glucose
What is the function of Thermoreceptors?
- Detect change in temperature
- Hot/cold
What is the function of Nociceptors?
- Detects tissue damage
- Burns/trauma
What is the function of Photoreceptors?
- Detects change in light
- Only found in the retina of the eye
What is the function of Osmoreceptors?
- Detects change in osmotic pressure (blood pressure)
- Found in the hypothalamus
What is the function of Proprioceptors?
- Its the sense of orientation or body position, so that means you can locate a body part without looking at it
- Helps maintain posture and coordination of body movement
Name the different types of somatic senses
- Touch
- Pain
- Temperature
- Vibration
- Motion (Proprioceptors)
Name the different types of pain
- Acute
- Chronic
- Somatic
- Visceral
- Referred
- Phantom
What is Acute pain?
It begins suddenly and is usually sharp in quality. It serves as a warning of disease or a threat to the body. Acute pain might be caused by many events or circumstances, including: Surgical Pain. Traumatic Pain, example: broken bone, cut, or burn.
What is Chronic Pain?
A disease in its own way - not a warning to prevent injury. It has a poor response to pain relief and it persists for months beyond the time of healing
What is Somatic Pain?
It results from nociceptor activation in the skin tissue and muscle and is activated by pressure and temperature
What is Visceral pain?
it results from nociceptor activation of thoracic, pelvic and abdominal organs and is activated by pressure, stretching and chemical changes.
What is Referred pain?
Pain felt in a place different to where it has originated as a result of shared sensory nerve pathways that supply different tissue
What is Phantom Pain?
Ongoing sensation (Pain, itching, tingling) perceived by the brain to be located in the part of the body no longer there. The person may still experience the sensation (Intermittent or constant) despite amputation.
Define adaption
The decrease in perception of a nerve impulse even though the stimulation is constant
State the function and control of the Autonomic Nervous system
- Receives a continual supply of sensory input from sensory receptors which monitor the internal body environment to achieve homeostasis
- Operating via reflex arcs in the hypothalamus, brain stem and spinal cord.
- Motor signals are sent to autonomic effectors, which are subconsciously
regulated and include
• Smooth muscle
• Cardiac muscle
• Certain glands
Divisions of the ANS
The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
Structures involved in the ANS
- The autonomic nervous system is a component of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involuntary physiologic processes including heart rate, blood pressure, respiration and digestion
- It contains three anatomically distinct divisions: sympathetic, parasympathetic and enteric.
Age-related changes to the nervous system and the nursing implications for these changes
- Decreased myelin so conduction of impulses slows (NI = Voluntary movements slow, Reflexes reactions slower and less intense and Slower at processing of thoughts
- Loss of some synaptic connections (NI= Memory is reduced and takes longer to learn new information)
- Size & volume of the brain reduces (NI= Motor control of precise movements diminishes which means it takes longer to carry out actions and more prone to falls)
- Autonomic NS becomes less efficient (NI= Blood pools in the feet/legs. Vasoconstriction delayed, so the older person may feel dizzy, unless they get up
slowly)
