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Nursing Science EXAM 1 > EXAM 1 PREP (1st practice exam) > Flashcards

EXAM 1 PREP (1st practice exam) Flashcards

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1
Q

The cellular organelle which modifies, sorts and packages proteins for transport to different destinations is the…

A

Golgi complex/body

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2
Q

The region of the body in which the urinary bladder is located is the

A

Hypogastric region

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3
Q

What type of tissue is bone?

A

Connective

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4
Q

The rate of diffusion increases if

A

The temperature rises

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5
Q

A solute is

A

The substance that is dissolved

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6
Q

A particle is engulfed and brought into a cell by the process of

A

Phagocytosis

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7
Q

An oxygen molecule is brought into the cell by

A

Simple diffusion

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8
Q

Definition of anatomy

A

Study of body structures

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9
Q

Definition of physiology

A

Study of body functions

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10
Q

Body system that regulates body activities by releasing hormones is the

A

Endocrine system

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11
Q

Another term for posterior:

A

Dorsal

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12
Q

Transient flora are

A

Non-resident microorganisms found on the skin

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13
Q

Viruses are incapable of multiplying unless

A

They occupy a living host cell

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14
Q

What infection is a latent infection

A

Person has been infected by a pathogen and made an apparent recovery, but the pathogen remains present and may be reactivated (Herpes)

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15
Q

What is an acute-lyric infection?

A

Refers to the viral genome and can replicate rapidly (covid-19)

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16
Q

What is a sub clinical virus type?

A

Signs and symptoms so mild they are not recognised but are able to be transmitted (chicken pox)

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17
Q

What is a chronic infection?

A

Virus remains in the host, the replication of the virus continues at low levels. (Hepatitis-B)

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18
Q

The stage of an infectious disease when vague symptoms of illness first begin to appear is the

A

Prodromal stage

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19
Q

Bacterial endospores

A

Adapt to unfavourable conditions by forming a spore with a thick coat to protect it from freezing and chemicals

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20
Q

What is the layer of skin that is composed of a keratinised stratified squamous epithelium?

A

Epidermis

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21
Q

The tissue that enables the urinary bladder to stretch without tearing is

A

Transitional epithelial tissue

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22
Q

Integumentary system contains what tissue types?

A

Epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissue

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23
Q

CSF circulates in the

A

Subarachnoid space

24
Q

What area of the CNS coordinates the autonomic nervous system?

A

Hypothalamus

25
Q

The corpus callosum connects the

A

Cerebral hemispheres

26
Q

Part of the brain that contains the cardiovascular system is the

A

Medulla oblongata

27
Q

The myelin sheath which surrounds the axon of a neuron

A

Increases the speed of a nerve impulse

28
Q

What type of impulse is carried in the DESCENDING tracts of the spinal cord?

A

Motor

29
Q

When a neuron is stimulated by a very strong stimulus that exceeds the threshold..

A

It will result in nerve impulses being sent in rapid succession

30
Q

The neurogila cells which form the myelin sheath around axons of neurons in the CNS are

A

Oligodendrocytes

31
Q

Parts of a reflex arc IN ORDER

A
  • Receptor
  • Sensory Neuron
  • Association Neuron
  • Motor Neuron
  • Effector
32
Q

Bundle of nerve axons and their connective tissue, located in the peripheral nervous system is

A

A nerve

33
Q

A network of converging and diverging nerve fibres is a

A

Nerve plexus

34
Q

Homeostasis negative feedback control systems:

A

Oppose or reverse a change

35
Q

What region of the brain contains the cerebral cortex?

A

Cerebrum

36
Q

The posterior blood supply to the brain is via the

A

Vertebral arteries

37
Q

What area of the brain receives impulses for touch, pressure, vibration, itch, tickle, temperature, pain, proprioception

A

Primary Somatosensory area

38
Q

What are Involuntary functions?

A

Regulates the processes in the body that we can’t consciously influence. It remains active, regulating things such as breathing, heart beat, metabolic processes

39
Q

Nerves that transmit information from the central nervous system to involuntary muscles belong to the

A

Autonomic nervous system, efferent division

40
Q

Serous membrane

A

Line a body cavity that does not open to the exterior

41
Q

Mucous membranes

A

Line a body cavity that does open to the exterior

42
Q

Define simple diffusion

A

When a molecule moves from an area of high concentration to low concentration down a concentration gradient until equilibrium is reached

43
Q

Pathogen that takes advantage of certain opportunities to cause disease when it normally would not cause disease is called

A

An Opportunist

44
Q

3 functions of the skin

A
  • acts as a blood reservoir to vasoconstriction when blood is needed to supply vital organs
  • forms a protective barrier against pathogens
  • helps to synthesise vitamin D when skin is exposed to UV light
45
Q

Define a reservoir of infection

A

A site where microorganisms can survive before they infect a new host

46
Q

4 example of reservoirs

A
  • humans
  • animals
  • food/water
  • soil/air
47
Q

Direct contact

A
  • droplets landing on someone less than 1 metre away (sneeze on hand and then shake another persons hand)
48
Q

Indirect contact

A
  • droplets land on a keyboard, someone else then uses the keyboard after the person infected. Pathogen sticks on surfaces and transmits when some one else uses keyboard and brings there hand up to their nose/mouth
49
Q

Aerosol

A
  • in the air. Sneezed and the molecules are in the air and can infect anyone up to 1 metre away
50
Q

Two different body systems which harbour different types of resident or normal flora

A
  • GI Tract

- Integumentary, upper respiratory tract

51
Q

What is a carrier of infection?

A
  • they harbour the pathogen without signs and symptoms so can easily transmit to others
52
Q

4 different anatomical features which protect the brain and spinal cord

A
  • bony protection (skull, vertebrae)
  • meninges
  • cerebral spinal fluid (csf)
  • blood brain barrier
53
Q

Three main features of the hypothalamus

A
  • regulates body temp
  • regulates autonomic nervous system for homeostasis
  • regulates circadian rhythm
54
Q

Lobes of the brain

A
  • temporal
  • frontal
  • parietal
  • occipital
55
Q

Why do severe brain stem injuries often results in death?

A

Brain stem controls your breathing and our heart rate. It also contains the RAS which is responsible for consciousness

56
Q

2 features that differentiate cranial and spinal nerves

A

SPINAL:

  • all mixed nerves
  • 31 pairs
  • identified with numbers (C1, L5)

CRANIAL

  • either all mixed, all sensory or all miter nerves
  • 12 pairs
  • identified with Roman numerals
57
Q

4 effects of sympathetic nervous system activation

A
  • Pupil Dilation
  • Bronchodilation
  • increase heart rate
  • increases blood pressure

Nursing Science EXAM 1 (6 decks)

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