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Nursing Science EXAM 1 > Week 1 - Workbook > Flashcards

Week 1 - Workbook Flashcards

1
Q

Cells

A

Basic structure and functional units of an organism

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2
Q

Tissues

A

Group of similar cells that perform a special function

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3
Q

Organs

A
  • composed of two or more different tissues and have specific functions
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4
Q

Homeostasis

A

Condition of equilibrium (stability or balance) in the body’s internal environment

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5
Q

Superior

A

Towards head

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6
Q

Inferior

A

Away from head

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7
Q

Anterior (ventral)

A

Front of the body

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8
Q

Posterior (dorsal)

A

Read of body

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9
Q

Superficial

A

On/near surface of body or organ

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10
Q

Deep

A

further away from the surface of body or organ

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11
Q

Medial

A

Nearer to the midline of the body

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12
Q

Lateral

A

Further from the midline of the body

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13
Q

Proximal

A

Nearer the attachment of the limb to the trunk

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14
Q

Distal

A

Further from the attachment of the limb to the trunk

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15
Q

Central

A

Towards the body core, usually the head and trunk

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16
Q

Peripheral

A

Towards the body peripheries or extremities

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17
Q

Integumentary system consists of

A

Skin, hair, nails and glands

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18
Q

Function of the integumentary system

A
  • regulation of temperature

- protection

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19
Q

Skeletal system consists of

A

Bones, ligaments, joints

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20
Q

Function of the skeletal system

A
  • protects and supports body organs

- provides a framework muscles use to cause movement

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21
Q

Muscular system consists of

A

Smooth muscles, cardiac muscles and skeletal muscles

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22
Q

Function of the muscular system

A
  • participate with skeletal system to facilitate movement & maintain posture
  • generates heat necessary for warm blooded organisms to maintain a constant body temp
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23
Q

Nervous system consists of

A

Brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory organs

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24
Q

Nervous system function

A

Detects and responds to the body’s internal & external changes by activating muscles & glands through nerve impulses

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25
Endocrine system consists of
Hormone producing cells and glands scattered throughout the body
26
Function of the endocrine system
Regulates the body through chemical mechanisms by releasing hormones into the blood
27
The cardiovascular system consists of
Heart, blood, blood vessels
28
Function of the cardiovascular system
- Carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes etc | - regulates body temp, water and balance
29
The lymphatic system consists of
Lymphatic fluid, lymphatic nodes, lymphocytes
30
Function of the lymphatic system
- protects against disease | - fluid balance
31
The respiratory system consists of
Airway, trachea, lungs, bronchi
32
Function of the respiratory system
- keeps the blood constantly supplied with oxygen & removes carbon dioxide - acid base balance
33
The digestive system consists of
- stomach, oesophagus, intestines, liver, gallbladder
34
Function of the digestive system
- physical and chemical breakdown of food, absorption of nutrients and elimination of waste
35
The urinary system consists of
- kidneys, bladder, urethra and ureters
36
The function of the urinary system
- filters the blood & excretes waste products in urine | - regulation of fluid, electrolytes & acid-base balance
37
The cell membrane...
Forms the cell’s outer boundary and separates the cell’s internal environment from the outside environment
38
Anatomy
Study of body structures
39
Physiology
Study of body functions
40
Positive feedback
- magnify a process or increase its output | - childbirth
41
Negative feedback
- reaction that causes a decrease in function, occurs in response of a stimulus, stabilises the system back to set point. - thermoregulation (restore temp back to normal)
42
Cytoplasm
Contains all the cellular contents between the plasma membrane and the nucleus
43
Cytosol
Is the fluid portion of mostly water and it is an intra-cellular fluid which is the site of many chemical reactions - reactions provide the building blocks for cell structure, function growth and maintenance
44
Organelles
Sub cellular structures embedded in the cytosol having characteristic shapes and specific functions
45
What is the difference between an atom and an ion?
- an atom is a ion that had a positive or negative charge because it has lost or gained electrons
46
Chemical symbol for Sodium
- Na+
47
Chemical symbol for potassium
- K+
48
Chemical symbol for chloride
- Cl-
49
Chemical symbol for calcium
- Ca2+
50
Chemical symbol for hydrogen
- H+
51
Aerobic respiration
- oxygen required - lots of energy released - mitochondrion involved as an organelle - end products include 32 ATP, C02, H20, heat
52
Aneroid respiration
- no oxygen required - little amounts of energy released - no organelle involved - end products include 2 ATP, lactic acid
53
Passive transport include
- simple diffusion - osmosis - facilitated diffusion
54
Simple diffusion
- gas or liquid | - from an area of high to low concentration down a concentration gradient until equilibrium is reached
55
Osmosis
- movement of water through a semipermeable membrane into a solution of higher solute concentration
56
Facilitated diffusion
- Passive movement of molecules across the cell membrane via the aid of a membrane protein
57
Active transport includes
- endocytosis (pinocytosis, phagocytosis) | - exocytosis
58
What is endocytosis
- substances are brought into the cell
59
Steps of endocytosis
1. The cell comes into contact with the particle 2. The cell membrane begins to wrap around the particle 3. Once the particle is completely surrounded, a vesicle pinches off.
60
What is exocytosis
The process of moving materials from within a cell to the exterior of the cell
61
What is pinocytosis (endocytosis)
- ingestion of liquid into a cell by the budding of small vesicles from the cell membrane
62
What is phagocytosis (endocytosis)
- the ingestion of bacteria or other materials by phagocytes and amoeboid protozoans
63
The role of ATP in active transport
- active transport uses energy stored in ATP to fuel the transport. - it plays a critical role in the transport of lipids and protists into and out of the cell - it needs to have enough energy stored to carry such molecules across a concentration gradient

Nursing Science EXAM 1 (6 decks)

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