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Nursing Science EXAM 1 > Week 1 - Workbook > Flashcards

Week 1 - Workbook Flashcards

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1
Q

Cells

A

Basic structure and functional units of an organism

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2
Q

Tissues

A

Group of similar cells that perform a special function

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3
Q

Organs

A
  • composed of two or more different tissues and have specific functions
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4
Q

Homeostasis

A

Condition of equilibrium (stability or balance) in the body’s internal environment

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5
Q

Superior

A

Towards head

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6
Q

Inferior

A

Away from head

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7
Q

Anterior (ventral)

A

Front of the body

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8
Q

Posterior (dorsal)

A

Read of body

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9
Q

Superficial

A

On/near surface of body or organ

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10
Q

Deep

A

further away from the surface of body or organ

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11
Q

Medial

A

Nearer to the midline of the body

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12
Q

Lateral

A

Further from the midline of the body

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13
Q

Proximal

A

Nearer the attachment of the limb to the trunk

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14
Q

Distal

A

Further from the attachment of the limb to the trunk

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15
Q

Central

A

Towards the body core, usually the head and trunk

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16
Q

Peripheral

A

Towards the body peripheries or extremities

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17
Q

Integumentary system consists of

A

Skin, hair, nails and glands

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18
Q

Function of the integumentary system

A
  • regulation of temperature

- protection

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19
Q

Skeletal system consists of

A

Bones, ligaments, joints

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20
Q

Function of the skeletal system

A
  • protects and supports body organs

- provides a framework muscles use to cause movement

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21
Q

Muscular system consists of

A

Smooth muscles, cardiac muscles and skeletal muscles

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22
Q

Function of the muscular system

A
  • participate with skeletal system to facilitate movement & maintain posture
  • generates heat necessary for warm blooded organisms to maintain a constant body temp
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23
Q

Nervous system consists of

A

Brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory organs

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24
Q

Nervous system function

A

Detects and responds to the body’s internal & external changes by activating muscles & glands through nerve impulses

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25
Q

Endocrine system consists of

A

Hormone producing cells and glands scattered throughout the body

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26
Q

Function of the endocrine system

A

Regulates the body through chemical mechanisms by releasing hormones into the blood

27
Q

The cardiovascular system consists of

A

Heart, blood, blood vessels

28
Q

Function of the cardiovascular system

A
  • Carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, wastes etc

- regulates body temp, water and balance

29
Q

The lymphatic system consists of

A

Lymphatic fluid, lymphatic nodes, lymphocytes

30
Q

Function of the lymphatic system

A
  • protects against disease

- fluid balance

31
Q

The respiratory system consists of

A

Airway, trachea, lungs, bronchi

32
Q

Function of the respiratory system

A
  • keeps the blood constantly supplied with oxygen & removes carbon dioxide
  • acid base balance
33
Q

The digestive system consists of

A
  • stomach, oesophagus, intestines, liver, gallbladder
34
Q

Function of the digestive system

A
  • physical and chemical breakdown of food, absorption of nutrients and elimination of waste
35
Q

The urinary system consists of

A
  • kidneys, bladder, urethra and ureters
36
Q

The function of the urinary system

A
  • filters the blood & excretes waste products in urine

- regulation of fluid, electrolytes & acid-base balance

37
Q

The cell membrane…

A

Forms the cell’s outer boundary and separates the cell’s internal environment from the outside environment

38
Q

Anatomy

A

Study of body structures

39
Q

Physiology

A

Study of body functions

40
Q

Positive feedback

A
  • magnify a process or increase its output

- childbirth

41
Q

Negative feedback

A
  • reaction that causes a decrease in function, occurs in response of a stimulus, stabilises the system back to set point.
  • thermoregulation (restore temp back to normal)
42
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Contains all the cellular contents between the plasma membrane and the nucleus

43
Q

Cytosol

A

Is the fluid portion of mostly water and it is an intra-cellular fluid which is the site of many chemical reactions
- reactions provide the building blocks for cell structure, function growth and maintenance

44
Q

Organelles

A

Sub cellular structures embedded in the cytosol having characteristic shapes and specific functions

45
Q

What is the difference between an atom and an ion?

A
  • an atom is a ion that had a positive or negative charge because it has lost or gained electrons
46
Q

Chemical symbol for Sodium

A
  • Na+
47
Q

Chemical symbol for potassium

A
  • K+
48
Q

Chemical symbol for chloride

A
  • Cl-
49
Q

Chemical symbol for calcium

A
  • Ca2+
50
Q

Chemical symbol for hydrogen

A
  • H+
51
Q

Aerobic respiration

A
  • oxygen required
  • lots of energy released
  • mitochondrion involved as an organelle
  • end products include 32 ATP, C02, H20, heat
52
Q

Aneroid respiration

A
  • no oxygen required
  • little amounts of energy released
  • no organelle involved
  • end products include 2 ATP, lactic acid
53
Q

Passive transport include

A
  • simple diffusion
  • osmosis
  • facilitated diffusion
54
Q

Simple diffusion

A
  • gas or liquid

- from an area of high to low concentration down a concentration gradient until equilibrium is reached

55
Q

Osmosis

A
  • movement of water through a semipermeable membrane into a solution of higher solute concentration
56
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A
  • Passive movement of molecules across the cell membrane via the aid of a membrane protein
57
Q

Active transport includes

A
  • endocytosis (pinocytosis, phagocytosis)

- exocytosis

58
Q

What is endocytosis

A
  • substances are brought into the cell
59
Q

Steps of endocytosis

A
  1. The cell comes into contact with the particle
  2. The cell membrane begins to wrap around the particle
  3. Once the particle is completely surrounded, a vesicle pinches off.
60
Q

What is exocytosis

A

The process of moving materials from within a cell to the exterior of the cell

61
Q

What is pinocytosis (endocytosis)

A
  • ingestion of liquid into a cell by the budding of small vesicles from the cell membrane
62
Q

What is phagocytosis (endocytosis)

A
  • the ingestion of bacteria or other materials by phagocytes and amoeboid protozoans
63
Q

The role of ATP in active transport

A
  • active transport uses energy stored in ATP to fuel the transport.
  • it plays a critical role in the transport of lipids and protists into and out of the cell
  • it needs to have enough energy stored to carry such molecules across a concentration gradient

Nursing Science EXAM 1 (6 decks)

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