Week 5- ankle Flashcards

1
Q

Name the three joints of the ankle

A

inferior tibiofibula
talocrural
the subtalar joint

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2
Q

What is the talocrural joint

A

The articulation between the talus, medial malleolus (distal tibia) and lateral malleolus (distal fibula)

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3
Q

talocrural type of joint

A

uniaxial modified hinge joint

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4
Q

Movements allowed at talocrural joint

A

flexion (plantarflexion)/ extension (dorsiflexion)

combined mvements of inversion/eversion possible with subtalar joint

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5
Q

What is the inferior tibiofibular joint?

A

The articulation between the distal tibia and the distal fibula

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6
Q

What type of joint is the tibiofibular (distal)

A

syndesmosis (designed for stability)

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7
Q

what injury occurs at the inferior tibiofibular joint

A

high ankle sprains

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8
Q

What is the subtalar joint

A

articulation between the talus and the calcaneus

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9
Q

What type of joint is the subtalar joint

A

Plane synovial joint

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10
Q

Movements allowed at the subtalar joint

A

Pronation (calcaneovalgus)
Supination
(calcaneovarus)

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11
Q

Which muscles dorsiflex the foot

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallicis longus

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12
Q

Which muscles plantarflex the foot

A

gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris

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13
Q

Which muscles invert the foot

A

Tibialis posterior
tibialis anterior
Extensor hallicus longus

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14
Q

Which muscles evert the foot

A

Peroneus longus
peroneus brevis
peroneus tertius

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15
Q

Which muscls toe flex

A

Flexor hallicus longus
Flexor hallicus brevis
flexor digitorum longus
flexor digitorum brevis

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16
Q

Which muscles toe extend

A

Extensor hallicus longus
extensor hallicus brevis
Extensor digitorum longus
extensor digitorum brevis

17
Q

What is the most common ankle injury

A

lateral ankle sprain

18
Q

MOI lateral ankle sprain

A

Excessive supination / inversion (+/-plantarflexion)

19
Q

Signs and symptoms of lateral ankle sprain

A

pain
swelling / +/- ecchymosis
instability

20
Q

Management of lateral ankle sprain (Acute phase)

A

acute phase (24-72 hours)
POLICE (OL dependant on grade of injury
- ankle pumos 10-20 per hours

Crutches (gat retraining) _WBAT

Ottawa akles rules

taping / bracing

21
Q

Management of LAS (repair stage)

A
Joint mobilizations
passive stretch (gastroc/soleus)
Isometric exercise (as soon as patient can tolerate)
Strengthening 
proprioception
shoe assessment
taping/bracing
22
Q

Management of LAS (remodelling phase) (15-28 days - 3 weeks 60% strength, 3 months 100% strength

A

Begin running / jumping forward and backwards
Incorporation of multidirectional agility drills
progress to jumping sideways
progress to box drills
simulated sport specific exercises

23
Q

Achilles Tendinopathy signs and symptoms

A
pain 
activity related pain
tendon thickening
pain on palpation
reduced strength
stiffness of the tendon
24
Q

AT management

A

Alfredson Exercise Protocol (Eccentric exercises ) 3 sets x 15 reps twice daily both with knee bnt and straight

25
What does tendinitis refer to
inflammation of the tendon
26
What does tendinosis refer to?
degeneration of the tendon
27
what does tendinopathy refer to?
makes no assumption about the underlying tendon pathology
28
Ligaments of the ankle
Saladin
29
Nerves of the ankle
Saladin
30
Ottawa ankle rules part 1
A series of x-ray films is required only If there is any pain in malleolar zone and any of these findings : - Bone tenderness at Posterior edge or tip of lateral malleolus -6cm - inability to bear weight both immediately and in emergency department
31
Ottawa ankle rules part 2
A series of x-ray films is required only If there is any pain in malleolar zone and any of these findings : Bone tenderness at base of fifth metatarsal Bone tenderness at navicular -inability to bear weight both immediately and in emergency department
32
What is sensitivity
Ruling out
33
What is specificity
Ruling in