Week 4

Question 1

What are the three joints of the knee?

Answer 1

Tibiofemoral
Patellofemoral
Superior Tibiofibular

Question 2

What is the TFJ?

Answer 2

The articulation between the tibia and the femur

Question 3

What type of joint is the TFJ?

Answer 3

Modified Hinge Joint
flexion-extension
medial lateral rotation
abduction/adduction

Question 4

What is the PFJ?

Answer 4

The articulation between the patella and the femur

Question 5

What type of joint is the PFJ

Answer 5

Modified plane joint

Question 6

What Is the patella used for

Answer 6

to improve the leverage of the quadriceps muscles

Question 7

What is the Superior tibialfibular joint?

Answer 7

articulation between the tibia and fibula

Question 8

What type of joint is the superior tibiafibular joint?

Answer 8

Plane Joint

Question 9

What muscles flex the knee?

Answer 9

Hamstrings
Gastrocnemius
Gracilis
Sartorius

Question 10

Which muscles extend the knee?

Answer 10

quadriceps

Question 11

Which muscles medially rotate the knee?

Answer 11

semitendinosus and semimembranosus
gracilis
Sartorius
popliteus

Question 12

Which muscles laterally rotate the knee?

Answer 12

Biceps femoris

Question 13

Name the 6 ligaments at the knee?

Answer 13

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) 
Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)
Lateral meniscus 
Medial meniscus 
Lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
Medial collateral ligament (MCL)

Question 14

When does the locking mechanism at the tibiofemoral joint occur?

Answer 14

Between 20 degrees of flexion and full extension (0 degrees)

Question 15

When is the locking mechanism most prominent?

Answer 15

at the last 5 degrees

Question 16

3 reasons for knee locking

Answer 16

for stability
reduction In friction
improved efficiency

Question 17

8 steps of the knee locking

Answer 17

1 Full extension
2 Taut anterior cruciate
3 No further symmetrical extension
4 medial femoral condyles moves back - lateral condyle moves forward
5. femur internally rotates on tibia on axis of anterior cruciate ligament
6. Medial/lateral collateral & oblique popliteal ligaments tighten
7. Tensor fascia latae & gluteus maximus tighten iliotibial tract
8. knee hyperextends and locks

Question 18

3 Steps of knee unlocking

Answer 18

1. Popliteus externally rotates femur on tibia
2. locked ligaments loosen
3. hamstrings can then flex knee

Question 19

What are the two types of observation

Answer 19

Formal and informal

Question 20

What does informal observation include?

Answer 20

walking from the waiting room
watching how they stand up from seated position
observing their gate

Question 21

What should be included in an after P/E plan

Answer 21

Problem list
goals
treatment plan
prognosis

Question 22

9 causes of acute knee pain

Answer 22

Trauma - fractures (patella, femoral condyles, tibial plateau, avulsion fractures)
Patella dislocation
Ligament damage (ACL, PCL, MCL, LCL, Meniscus)
Haemarthrosis
Muscle strain/contusion
meniscal damage
fat pad damage
bursitis
tendon rupture

Question 23

Which ligament is most commonly injured

Answer 23

ACL

Question 24

Which sex has most ACL injuries?

Answer 24

Males

Question 25

Top 5 sports that have ACL injuries in order

Answer 25

1. Skiing
2. AFL
3. Rugby
4. Netball
5. Soccer

Question 26

Define a grade 1 ligament injury

Answer 26

ligaments stretched or slightly torn

Question 27

define a grade 2 ligament injury

Answer 27

ligaments partially torn

Question 28

define a grade 3 ligament injury

Answer 28

ligaments completely torn

Question 29

3 special tests to test for ACL injury

Answer 29

Lachmann’s test
Anterior Draw test
pivot shift test

Question 30

Phase 1 goals for ACL treatment

Answer 30

Control pain and swelling, Restore pain free ROM, Improve flexibility, Normalize gait mechanics (WBAT w crutches), Establish good quadriceps activation

Question 31

Phase 2 goals for ACL treatment

Answer 31

Avoid patella femoral pain, Maintain ROM and flexibility, Restore muscle strength, Improve neuromuscular control

Question 32

Phase 3 goals for ACL treatment

Answer 32

Avoid patella femoral pain, Maintain ROM and flexibility, Progress with single leg strengthening to maximize strength, Progress dynamic proprioception exercises to maximize neuromuscular control, Initiate plyometrics* and light jogging*