OSCE study

Question 1

How does US work

Answer 1

non-thermal epa
mechanical energy
sound energy applied to and transmitted to tissue
electrical stimulation causes mechanical distortion through piezoelectric crystals resulting in vibration and production of sound waves

Question 2

Why do US

Answer 2

pro inflam - stimulates white blood cells to the area & increase development of new blood vessels
increase protein and collagen synthesis
remodelling: enhance tensile strength and scar tissue & facilitate healing process

Question 3

Contraindications for US

Answer 3

Over foetus
over pace maker 
over TB
Active bleeding 
infection
cancer or malignancy
sensation impairements
vascular DVT
No application over eyes, testes
no application over growth plates and children 
no application over tissues recently treated with x-ray
informed consent / ability to comprehend process

Question 4

Precautions for US

Answer 4

avoid bony prominences
informed consent
keep head moving

Question 5

E-stim safety

Answer 5

sharp blunt

Question 6

E-stim how it works

Answer 6

stimulate sensory nerves to help in treating pain
stimulates or alter healing by creating an electrical field in biologic tissues
muscle strengthening - atrophied muscle & weak/ pain inhibition
Decreasing pain - gate control theory

Question 7

E-stim contras

Answer 7

unable to comprehend instructions
pregnancy
area malignancy and cancer
TB 
bleeding 
infections
open wounds 
sensation issues - sharp blunt testing

Question 8

E-stim precautions

Answer 8

anterior aspect neck
sensation impairement
devitalised tissued recent radiotherapy
local acute skin condition