Week 5 and 6 (Ointments) Flashcards
Legal considerations in the type of animal
- Companion pets = drug use is least restricted
- Performance animals = service, military/police, competitive sports
- Food-producing animals = drug use in these is strictly regulated and carries serious penalties if violated
How to avoid veterinary dispensing errors
- Collect and consider all pertinent patient info
- Utilize veterinary drug resources
- When in doubt, ask the prescribing vet
Uses of Ointments
- Protect the skin/mucus membrane
- Provide skin hydration (emollient(
- Vehicle for medication (local and systemic effects)
Levigating Agent
Preparations that make it easier to incorporate solids into semisolid ointment bases, resulting in smooth, elegant preparation
- Solid must be insoluble in the levigating agent
- Viscous, low surface tension to adequately wet the solid
- Use minimal amount
Converting oz to g
1 oz = 28.35 g
Ideal properties of ointments (7)
- Spreads easily
- Compatible with topical administration
- Stable
- Smooth and pliable
- Softens/melts at body temp
- Readily releases medication
- Easily removed (doesn’t stain skin or clothing)
Properties that impact drug release (5)
- More pressure = more drug release
- Larger surface area = greater drug release
- Healthy intact skin = less drug penetration
- Using occlusive dressing = adds pressure = more drug release
- Type of base used
Levigating vs Dissolution
Levigating agents make it easier to incorporate solids into semisolid ointment bases (solid must be insoluble in the levigating agent)
Dissolution involves dissolving the solid ingredient into solvent prior to incorporation into ointment base (solid must be soluble with the solvent) –> an absorption base is then used to absorb aqueous solution
Types of ointment bases (5)
- Oleaginous/hydrocarbon
- Anhydrous absorption bases
- Water/oil emulsion ointment bases
- Oil/water emulsion ointment bases
- Water-soluble ointment bases
Example of oleaginous/hydrocarbon ointment base
- White petrolatum
- White ointment
Example of anhydrous absorption base
- Hydrophilic petrolatum
- Anhydrous lanolin
- Aquabase
- Aquaphor
- Polysorb
Example of water/oil emulsion ointment base
- Cold cream
- Hydrous lanolin
- Hydrocream
- Eucerin
Example of oil/water emulsion ointment base
- Dermabase
- Velvachol
- Unibase
Example of water-soluble ointment base
- PEG ointment
- Polybase
Drug incorporation and drug release potential of oleaginous/hydrocarbon ointment base
- Solids or oils
- Poor release
Drug incorporation and drug release potential of anhydrous absorption base
- Solids, oils, aqueous solutions
- Poor release (improved over oleaginous)
Drug incorporation and drug release potential of water/oil emulsion ointment base
- Solids, oils, aqueous solutions
- Fair to good release
Drug incorporation and drug release potential of oil/water emulsion ointment base
- Solids, aqueous solutions
- Fair to good release
Drug incorporation and drug release potential of water-soluble ointment bases
- Solids, aqueous solutions
- Good release
Compounding Procedure for 1 drug and 1 base ointment (6)
- Weigh out total amount of drug and place on ointment slab
- weight out total amount of base and place on ointment slab
- Incorporate the drug into the base
- Transfer product to an ointment jar
- Label and put auxillary sticker (for external use only)
- Dispense
Compounding process for 2 drug, 1 solvent, 1 base ointment
- Weigh out drug that needs dissolving and place in beaker
- Measure solvent and place in the same beaker. Mix/swirl until completely dissolved
- Weigh out other drug and place on ointment slab
- Weight out base and place on ointment slab. Form a depression in the middle
- Incorporate the dissolved drug (dropwise) by spatulation with the base to form a creamy semisolid emulsion
- Incorporate this mass by spatulation with the other drug
- Transfer the product to an ointment jar and cap
- Label and put auxillary sticker (for external use only) and dispense
Compounding process for 1 drug, 1 solvent, and 2 base ointment (7)
- Weigh out the drug and place in a beaker
- Measure solvent and place in beaker. Mix/swirl until the drug is completely dissolved
- Weigh out both bases and put separately on an ointment slab
- Form a depression in the first base and incorporate the dissolved drug with the first base drop wise by spatulation until a smooth semisolid emulsion is formed
- Incorporate this mass with the other base
- Transfer to an ointment jar
- Label and put auxillary label (for external use only) and dispense
