Week 4 (Emulsions and Solutions)

Question 1

Emulsification

Answer 1

Addition of energy through trituration or homogenization creating small droplets of one liquid phase within another and a static charge around those droplets

Question 2

Oil-in-water vs water-in-oil

Answer 2

Oil-in-water = oil is internal phase that is dispersed in the continuous water phase (example = cream)

Water in oil = water is internal phase that is dispersed in the continuous water phase (example = lotion)

Question 3

What can be added to an emulsion to fix issues? (3)

Answer 3

1. Preservatives = prevent microbiologic growth and extends beyond use date (must be present in the aqueous phase in the free, unbound, unabsorbed, un-ionized state)
2. Antioxidants = prevents rancidification of oils and fats
3. Flavoring = added to the external (continuous) phase

Question 4

Solutions

Answer 4

Liquid preparations that contain 1 or more chemical substances (solute) dissolved in a suitable solvent or mixture of mutually miscible solvents

Homogenous

Question 5

Aqueous vs Nonaqueous Solutions

Answer 5

Aqueous = drug dissolves in water, can add flavoring preservatives or buffering salts, includes syrups (simple syrup, flavoring syrups, medicinal syrups), aromatic water, mucilage, aqueous acids

Nonaqueous = contains solvents other than water (most commonly alcohol), includes elixirs, spirits, tinctures

Question 6

%w/v

Answer 6

g/100 ml

Question 7

%w/w

Answer 7

g/100 g

Question 8

%v/q

Answer 8

ml/100 g

Question 9

%v/v

Answer 9

ml/100 ml

Question 10

Mg%

Answer 10

mg per 100 ml

Question 11

Solution Compounding Procedure (7)

Answer 11

1. Weight out total weight of drug and transfer to a clean 100 ml beaker
2. Dissolve the drug in a minimal amount of distilled water and swirl/mix until the drug is completely dissolved
3. Quantitatively transfer the dissolved drug to a 250 ml graduated cylinder using repeat washings of cherry syrup
4. QS the graduate to final dispensing volume and mix by pouring between the dispensing container and the graduated cylinder
5. Transfer the solution to dispensing container and cap
6. Label and dispense