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MS1 - Invaders and Defenders aka Clusterfuck > Week 5 > Flashcards

Week 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Regarding HSV, name:

  1. Family
  2. Subfamily
  3. Type of genome
  4. Envelope?
A

Herpesviridae family

Alpha subfamily

dsDNA virus

Yeah enveloped

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2
Q

What two things would a biopsy of a HSV lesion show?

A
  1. Mulcinucleated giant cells

2. Intranuclear inclusions (Cowdry nuclear inclusions w/ owl eye appearance)

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3
Q

How is HSV diagnosed? (5)

A
  1. Biopsy - multinucleate giant cells and intranuclear inclusions
  2. DFA for herpes
  3. PCR
  4. Viral culture
  5. Serology
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4
Q

Whom must you treat for HSV infection?

A

Neonates and immunocompromised

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5
Q

Name the common methods of diagnosing influenza (4).

A
  1. Viral culture
  2. DFA
  3. PCR
  4. Rapid antigen testing
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6
Q

What is the gold standard for diagnosing influenza?

A

PCR

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7
Q

What is the problem with rapid antigen testing for influenza?

A

Can’t trust a negative result when it is influenza season

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8
Q

Name two reasons why pregnant women are at risk of influenza.

A
  1. Increased Treg activity

2. Cardiopulmonary changes –> increased hypoxemia –> more severe disease

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9
Q

What is at the top of your DDx when you see slowly declining mental status and basilar inflammation?

A

M. tuberculosis meningitis

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10
Q

What is at the top of your DDx when you see meningitis w/ focal seizures?

A

HSV1 meningitis

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11
Q

For which hepatitis is there no vaccine?

A

Hep C

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12
Q

Which hepatitis types are spread via fecal-oral route?

A

A and E

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13
Q

Name three arboviruses. What major family are these viruses part of?

A
  1. Yellow fever
  2. Dengue fever
  3. West nile virus

Part of the Flavivirus family

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14
Q

Name the early and late acute hepatitis lab findings associated with acute viral hepatitis.

A

Early:

  1. Elevated AST and ALT
  2. Normal GGT and AlkPhos

Late:

  1. Jaundice
  2. Elevated GGT and AlkPhos
  3. Decreased liver proteins like albumin, clotting factors
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15
Q

What lab findings are associated with chronic viral hepatitis?

A

LFTs normal of mildly abnormal

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16
Q

Describe the Hep A serologic graph.

A

1st seen in stool Hep A virus (shows up at 2.5 weeks and peaks at 5 weeks)

Next is anti-Hep A IgM (starts at 5 weeks and peaks at 8 weeks)

Last is anti-Hep A IgG (starts at 8 weeks and goes up after that)

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17
Q

How does Hep A end up in the poop?

A

Infection –> viremia –> goes to liver –> viral shedding into the bile

18
Q

For which hepatitis viruses is there no carrier state? What else is unique to these?

A

A and E have no chronic carrier state; these are both fecal-oral transmission

19
Q

What is the treatment for Hep A and E?

A

Supportive; most cases are self-limited and there is no chronic carrier state

20
Q

Is hepatitis D infectious on its own?

A

No, it needs the Hep B surface antigen (HBsAg) to be infectious

21
Q

Describe the serologic graph for acute Hep B.

A

1st to show up is HBsAg - marker of acute infection (either acute or chronic!)

2nd is HBeAg - marker of infectivity

3rd is anti-HBc IgM

4th is anti-HBsAb - marker of recovery and is the Ab made after immunization

22
Q

What is the most common bloodborne infection in the US?

A

Hep C

23
Q

Infection that causes an aversion to smoking.

A

Hep A

24
Q

How is Hep A transmitted in developed countries?

A

Often in contaminated shellfish

25
Q

How could you test for acute Hep C infection?

A

HCV RNA PCR test 2+ weeks after infection

26
Q

Name 3 inactivated/killed vaccines.

A
  1. IPV
  2. Hep A
  3. Rabies
27
Q

Name 2 toxoid vaccines.

A
  1. Tetanus

2. Diphtheria

28
Q

Name 6 subunit vaccines.

A
  1. Hep B
  2. HPV
  3. Pertussis
  4. Influenza
  5. Pneumococcal polysaccharide
  6. Meningococcal polysaccharide

My Pink Poodle Has a Head Infection

29
Q

Name 3 conjugate vaccines.

A
  1. H. influenzae
  2. Pneumococcal conjugate
  3. Meningococcal conjugate
30
Q

Name 6 live, attenuated vaccines.

A
  1. MMR
  2. Varicella
  3. Rotavirus
  4. OPV
  5. Yellow fever
  6. BCG

mr. bovy is alive

31
Q

Can you give OPV to an immunocompromised person?

A

Hellz nah

32
Q

What part of the body regulates body temp?

A

Thermoregulatory center of the hypothalamus.

33
Q

Name 3 viruses in the alpha herpesviridae family.

A
  1. HSV 1
  2. HSV 2
  3. VZV
34
Q

Name 3 viruses in the beta herpesviridae family.

A
  1. CMV
  2. HHV 6
  3. HHV 7
35
Q

Name 2 viruses in the gamma herpesviridae family.

A
  1. EBV

2. HHV 8

36
Q

Can EBV be latent?

A

Yeah

37
Q

Explain why zoster from VZV can happen along many different dermatomal areas?

A

Acute infection involves viremia, so the virus can go to any ganglia for latency

38
Q

How does EBV keep its genome on B cell DNA during B cell replication when EBV is in its latent phase?

A

EBNA-1 binds the viral episome to the B cell chromosome during B cell replication

39
Q

Describe what antibodies and antigens would be expected in a person with acute Hep B infection.

A

HBsAg positive
total anti-HBc positive
IgM anti-HBc positive
anti-HBs Ab negative

40
Q

Describe what antibodies and antigens would be expected in a person with chronic Hep B infection.

A

HBsAg positive
total anti-HBc positive
IgM anti-HBc negative
anti-HBs negative

41
Q

Describe what antibodies and antigens would be expected in a person acquired immunity to Hep B from natural infection.

A

HBsAg negative
anti-HBc positive
anti-HBs positive

42
Q

Describe what antibodies and antigens would be expected in a person acquired immunity to Hep B from immunization.

A

HBsAg negative
anti-HBc negative
anti-HBs positive

MS1 - Invaders and Defenders aka Clusterfuck (16 decks)

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