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MS1 - Invaders and Defenders aka Clusterfuck > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Name all the beta-lactams we are supposed to know.

A
  1. Amoxicillin
  2. Cefazolin
  3. Ceftriaxone
  4. Ceftaroline
  5. Meropenem
  6. Nafcillin
  7. Penicillin G
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2
Q

Which antibiotic blocks transpeptidase from binding to D-ala and forming cross-links during cell wall synthesis?

A

Vancomycin

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3
Q

Name a beta-lactamase inhibitor.

A

Clavulanic acid

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4
Q

Name the 50S-directed protein synthesis inhibitors.

A
  1. Chloramphenicol
  2. Clindamycin
  3. Erythromycin
  4. Linezolid
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5
Q

Name the 30S-directed protein synthesis inhibitors.

A
  1. Doxycycline

2. Gentamycin

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6
Q

Name a non-specific protein synthesis inhibitor.

A

Pyrazinamide

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7
Q

Name the folate pathway inhibitors.

A
  1. Sulfamethoxazole

2. Trimethoprim

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8
Q

Name a fluoroquinolone. How does this drug work? What is one easy to remember whether or not a drug is a fluoroquinolone?

A

Ciprofloxacin - inhibits DNA gyrase/topoisomerase.

Many fluoroquinolones end with -floxacin

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9
Q

What is the major SAE for all the beta-lactams?

A

Allergic reactions

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10
Q

How do beta-lactams work?

A

They mimic D-ala/D-ala residues, inhibiting cross link formation by transpeptidases during cell wall synthesis.

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11
Q

How does vancomycin work?

A

Inhibits transpeptidase during cross-link formation.

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12
Q

In addition to allergy, what other SAE can meropenem toxicity cause?

A

Seizures

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13
Q

You give an antibiotic infusion to a patient and they develop an erythematous rash that involves the face, neck, and upper torso. What drug did you give too much of?

A

Vancomycin - this is “red man syndrome”

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14
Q

Name the drug class/bacterial target and toxicity:

Nafcillin

A

beta-lactam/cell-wall synthesis inhibitor

allergy

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15
Q

Name the drug class/bacterial target and toxicity:

Clindamycin

A

50S inhibitor

Superinfection

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16
Q

Name the drug class/bacterial target and toxicity:

Chloramphenicol

A

50S inhibitor

Bone marrow depression, aplastic anemia

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17
Q

Name the drug class/bacterial target and toxicity:

Amoxicillin

A

Beta-lactam/cell wall synthesis inhibitor

allergy

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18
Q

Name the drug class/bacterial target and toxicity:

Doxycycline

A

Tetracycline - 30S inhibitor

Incorporation into teeth, bones, photosensitivity rash

Things that can happen while cycling: broken teeth, broken bones, sunburn!

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19
Q

Name the drug class/bacterial target and toxicity:

Linezolid

A

50S inhibitor

thrombocytopenia

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20
Q

Name the drug class/bacterial target and toxicity:

Erythromycin

A

Macrolide - 50S inhibitor

epigastric distress

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21
Q

Name the drug class/bacterial target and toxicity:

Pyrazinamide

A

Nonspecific protein synthesis inhibitor

polyarthralgias, hepatotoxicity

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22
Q

Name the drug class/bacterial target and toxicity:

Gentamycin

A

Aminoglycoside - 30S inhibitor

neprho-oto-neurotoxicity

23
Q

Name the drug class/bacterial target and toxicity:

Ciprofloxacin

A

Fluoroquinolone - DNA gyrase inhibitor

tendonitis, tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, CNS effects, prolonged QT

24
Q

Name the drug class/bacterial target and toxicity:

Daptomycin

A

Membrane disrupter

myopathy

25
Name the drug class/bacterial target and toxicity: Vancomycin
Cell wall inhibitor - blocks transpeptidase red man syndrome - erythematous rash that involves the face, neck, and upper torso
26
Name the drug class/bacterial target and toxicity: Ceftaroline
Beta-lactam allergy
27
Name the drug class/bacterial target and toxicity: Cefazolin
Beta-lactam allergy
28
If you know your patient has an antibiotic resistant bacterial infection with a bacteria that has beta-lactamase activity, what could you give them in addition to a beta-lactam?
Clavulanic acid: beta-lactamase inhibitor
29
Name the drug class/bacterial target and toxicity: Isoniazid
Inhibitor of FAS-II pyridoxine deficiency (messes with enzymes that need PLP), hepatotoxicity
30
Name the drug class/bacterial target and toxicity: Metronidazole
Destroys DNA headache, peripheral neuropathy, alcohol sensitivity
31
Name the drug class/bacterial target and toxicity: Ethambutol
Inhibits arabinosyltransferases visual disturbances
32
Name the drug: 50S inhibitor Superinfection
Clindamycin
33
Name the drug: 50S inhibitor Bone marrow depression, aplastic anemia
Chloramphenicol
34
Name the drug: 30S inhibitor Incorporation into teeth, bones, photosensitivity rash
Doxycycline
35
Name the drug: 50S inhibitor thrombocytopenia
Linezolid
36
Name the drug: 50S inhibitor epigastric distress
Erythromycin
37
Name the drug: Nonspecific protein synthesis inhibitor polyarthralgias, hepatotoxicity
Pyrazinamide
38
Name the drug: 30S inhibitor neprho-oto-neurotoxicity
Gentamycin
39
Name the drug: Fluoroquinolone - DNA gyrase inhibitor tendonitis, tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, CNS effects, prolonged QT
Ciprofloxacin
40
Name the drug: Membrane disrupter myopathy
Daptomycin
41
Name the drug: Cell wall inhibitor - blocks transpeptidase red man syndrome - erythematous rash that involves the face, neck, and upper torso
Vancomycin
42
Name the drug: Inhibitor of FAS-II pyridoxine deficiency (messes with enzymes that need PLP), hepatotoxicity
Isoniazid
43
Name the drug: Destroys DNA headache, peripheral neuropathy, alcohol sensitivity
Metronidazole
44
Name the drug: Inhibits arabinosyltransferases visual disturbances
Ethambutol
45
Name a tetracycline.
Doxycycline
46
Name a macrolide.
Erythromycin
47
Name an aminoglycoside.
Gentamicin
48
Name the drugs that work against MRSA.
1. Sulfamethoxazole and 2. Trimethoprim (used together) 3. Daptomycin 4. Doxycycline 4. Linezolid 5. Ceftaroline 6. Clindamycin 7. Vancomycin SomeTimes Dumb Dogs Like Crazy Cats. Vancomycin.
49
Can you use Daptomycin to treat a MRSA pneumonia?
Nope! The drug is inhibited by lung surfactant.
50
Name all the cidal drugs.
1. Beta-lactams 2. Gentamycin (aminoglycoside) 3. Ciprofloxacin (fluoroquinolone) 4. Metronidazole 5. Vancomycin 6. Daptomycin 7. Pyrazinamide 8. Isoniazid 9. Rifampin
51
Which antibiotics are time-dependent?
beta-lactams and vancomycin
52
Which antibiotics are concentration-dependent?
fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides
53
Which drugs treat ventilator-associated MRSA pneumonia?
1. Vancomycin | 2. Linezolid

MS1 - Invaders and Defenders aka Clusterfuck (16 decks)

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