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MS1 - Invaders and Defenders aka Clusterfuck > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Name all the beta-lactams we are supposed to know.

A
  1. Amoxicillin
  2. Cefazolin
  3. Ceftriaxone
  4. Ceftaroline
  5. Meropenem
  6. Nafcillin
  7. Penicillin G
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2
Q

Which antibiotic blocks transpeptidase from binding to D-ala and forming cross-links during cell wall synthesis?

A

Vancomycin

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3
Q

Name a beta-lactamase inhibitor.

A

Clavulanic acid

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4
Q

Name the 50S-directed protein synthesis inhibitors.

A
  1. Chloramphenicol
  2. Clindamycin
  3. Erythromycin
  4. Linezolid
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5
Q

Name the 30S-directed protein synthesis inhibitors.

A
  1. Doxycycline

2. Gentamycin

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6
Q

Name a non-specific protein synthesis inhibitor.

A

Pyrazinamide

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7
Q

Name the folate pathway inhibitors.

A
  1. Sulfamethoxazole

2. Trimethoprim

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8
Q

Name a fluoroquinolone. How does this drug work? What is one easy to remember whether or not a drug is a fluoroquinolone?

A

Ciprofloxacin - inhibits DNA gyrase/topoisomerase.

Many fluoroquinolones end with -floxacin

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9
Q

What is the major SAE for all the beta-lactams?

A

Allergic reactions

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10
Q

How do beta-lactams work?

A

They mimic D-ala/D-ala residues, inhibiting cross link formation by transpeptidases during cell wall synthesis.

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11
Q

How does vancomycin work?

A

Inhibits transpeptidase during cross-link formation.

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12
Q

In addition to allergy, what other SAE can meropenem toxicity cause?

A

Seizures

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13
Q

You give an antibiotic infusion to a patient and they develop an erythematous rash that involves the face, neck, and upper torso. What drug did you give too much of?

A

Vancomycin - this is “red man syndrome”

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14
Q

Name the drug class/bacterial target and toxicity:

Nafcillin

A

beta-lactam/cell-wall synthesis inhibitor

allergy

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15
Q

Name the drug class/bacterial target and toxicity:

Clindamycin

A

50S inhibitor

Superinfection

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16
Q

Name the drug class/bacterial target and toxicity:

Chloramphenicol

A

50S inhibitor

Bone marrow depression, aplastic anemia

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17
Q

Name the drug class/bacterial target and toxicity:

Amoxicillin

A

Beta-lactam/cell wall synthesis inhibitor

allergy

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18
Q

Name the drug class/bacterial target and toxicity:

Doxycycline

A

Tetracycline - 30S inhibitor

Incorporation into teeth, bones, photosensitivity rash

Things that can happen while cycling: broken teeth, broken bones, sunburn!

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19
Q

Name the drug class/bacterial target and toxicity:

Linezolid

A

50S inhibitor

thrombocytopenia

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20
Q

Name the drug class/bacterial target and toxicity:

Erythromycin

A

Macrolide - 50S inhibitor

epigastric distress

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21
Q

Name the drug class/bacterial target and toxicity:

Pyrazinamide

A

Nonspecific protein synthesis inhibitor

polyarthralgias, hepatotoxicity

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22
Q

Name the drug class/bacterial target and toxicity:

Gentamycin

A

Aminoglycoside - 30S inhibitor

neprho-oto-neurotoxicity

23
Q

Name the drug class/bacterial target and toxicity:

Ciprofloxacin

A

Fluoroquinolone - DNA gyrase inhibitor

tendonitis, tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, CNS effects, prolonged QT

24
Q

Name the drug class/bacterial target and toxicity:

Daptomycin

A

Membrane disrupter

myopathy

25
Q

Name the drug class/bacterial target and toxicity:

Vancomycin

A

Cell wall inhibitor - blocks transpeptidase

red man syndrome - erythematous rash that involves the face, neck, and upper torso

26
Q

Name the drug class/bacterial target and toxicity:

Ceftaroline

A

Beta-lactam

allergy

27
Q

Name the drug class/bacterial target and toxicity:

Cefazolin

A

Beta-lactam

allergy

28
Q

If you know your patient has an antibiotic resistant bacterial infection with a bacteria that has beta-lactamase activity, what could you give them in addition to a beta-lactam?

A

Clavulanic acid: beta-lactamase inhibitor

29
Q

Name the drug class/bacterial target and toxicity:

Isoniazid

A

Inhibitor of FAS-II

pyridoxine deficiency (messes with enzymes that need PLP), hepatotoxicity

30
Q

Name the drug class/bacterial target and toxicity:

Metronidazole

A

Destroys DNA

headache, peripheral neuropathy, alcohol sensitivity

31
Q

Name the drug class/bacterial target and toxicity:

Ethambutol

A

Inhibits arabinosyltransferases

visual disturbances

32
Q

Name the drug:

50S inhibitor

Superinfection

A

Clindamycin

33
Q

Name the drug:

50S inhibitor

Bone marrow depression, aplastic anemia

A

Chloramphenicol

34
Q

Name the drug:

30S inhibitor

Incorporation into teeth, bones, photosensitivity rash

A

Doxycycline

35
Q

Name the drug:

50S inhibitor

thrombocytopenia

A

Linezolid

36
Q

Name the drug:

50S inhibitor

epigastric distress

A

Erythromycin

37
Q

Name the drug:

Nonspecific protein synthesis inhibitor

polyarthralgias, hepatotoxicity

A

Pyrazinamide

38
Q

Name the drug:

30S inhibitor

neprho-oto-neurotoxicity

A

Gentamycin

39
Q

Name the drug:

Fluoroquinolone - DNA gyrase inhibitor

tendonitis, tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, CNS effects, prolonged QT

A

Ciprofloxacin

40
Q

Name the drug:

Membrane disrupter

myopathy

A

Daptomycin

41
Q

Name the drug:

Cell wall inhibitor - blocks transpeptidase

red man syndrome - erythematous rash that involves the face, neck, and upper torso

A

Vancomycin

42
Q

Name the drug:

Inhibitor of FAS-II

pyridoxine deficiency (messes with enzymes that need PLP), hepatotoxicity

A

Isoniazid

43
Q

Name the drug:

Destroys DNA

headache, peripheral neuropathy, alcohol sensitivity

A

Metronidazole

44
Q

Name the drug:

Inhibits arabinosyltransferases

visual disturbances

A

Ethambutol

45
Q

Name a tetracycline.

A

Doxycycline

46
Q

Name a macrolide.

A

Erythromycin

47
Q

Name an aminoglycoside.

A

Gentamicin

48
Q

Name the drugs that work against MRSA.

A
  1. Sulfamethoxazole and 2. Trimethoprim (used together)
  2. Daptomycin
  3. Doxycycline
  4. Linezolid
  5. Ceftaroline
  6. Clindamycin
  7. Vancomycin

SomeTimes Dumb Dogs Like Crazy Cats. Vancomycin.

49
Q

Can you use Daptomycin to treat a MRSA pneumonia?

A

Nope! The drug is inhibited by lung surfactant.

50
Q

Name all the cidal drugs.

A
  1. Beta-lactams
  2. Gentamycin (aminoglycoside)
  3. Ciprofloxacin (fluoroquinolone)
  4. Metronidazole
  5. Vancomycin
  6. Daptomycin
  7. Pyrazinamide
  8. Isoniazid
  9. Rifampin
51
Q

Which antibiotics are time-dependent?

A

beta-lactams and vancomycin

52
Q

Which antibiotics are concentration-dependent?

A

fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides

53
Q

Which drugs treat ventilator-associated MRSA pneumonia?

A
  1. Vancomycin

2. Linezolid

MS1 - Invaders and Defenders aka Clusterfuck (16 decks)

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