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Parasitology 2 > Week 5 > Flashcards

Week 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the technical terms for the head, neck, and body of cestodes?

A
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2
Q

What are the different names of tapeworms in prey vs. predator?

A
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3
Q

What are the two stages of cestodes?

A

* Adult in definitive host (DH) (intestine; mostly non-pathogenic)

* Larva (metacestode) in IH (Tissues; pathogenic in vertebrates)

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4
Q

What are the two orders of eucestoda?

A

Pseudophyllidea (aquatic LC; 2 IHs)

Cyclophyllidea (terrestrial LC; usually 1 IH)

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5
Q

What are the two groups of Cyclophyllideans?

A

* Non-taeniids (herbivorous, omnivorous or carnivorous DH)

* Taeniids (always carnivorous DH; major socioeconomic importance)

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6
Q

General life cycle of cestodes

A

Egg passed in faeces–> ingested by IH

**metacestode (larval stage) that causes the infection

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7
Q

What are the genera of Pseudophyllidea (aquatic LC; 2 IHs) that are important?

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

Spirometra erinacei

** humans, cats and dogs

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8
Q

What are the genera of Cyclophyllideans, Non-taeniids that are important?

A

* Dipylidium caninum (humans, cats, dogs)

* Anoplocephala perfoliata (horse)

* Moniezia expanza, M. benedeni (cow, sheep)

* Hymenolepis (rodent, chicken, human)

* Choanotaenia, Amoebotaenia, Raillietina, Davainea (chicken)

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9
Q

What are the genera of Cyclophyllideans taeniids that are important?

A

Taenia and Echinococcus (cats and dogs)

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10
Q

Life cycle patterns via ingestion of Pseudophyllidea (aquatic) vs. Cyclophyllidea (terrestrial)?

A
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11
Q

Which tapeworm (cestodes) are of human significance?

A

Anoplocephala perfoliata (horse)

Raillietina, Davainea (chicken)

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12
Q

Morphology of cestodes

A

* 2-4 suckers +/- armed (aka hooks)

* Rostellum (permanent or retractable)– may contain hooks (aka armed)

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13
Q
A

Anoplocephala perfoliata (horse) (cestode)

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14
Q

What does an osmoregulatory system have?

What is osmoregulation?

A

Flame cells

Osmoregulators maintain a more or less stable internal osmolarity by physiological means. Terrestrial animals must osmoregulate because they unavoidably lose water by evaporation and excretion, and replacement water is not always immediately available.

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15
Q

What is the most unique thing about the organ systems in cestodes? What are proglottids?

A

No gut!!

proglottids- segments

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16
Q

What does the tegument and subtegument of a tapeworm do?

A

Protection, traction, nutrient absorption, digestion

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17
Q

Reproductive systems of Cyclophyllidea vs. Pseudophyllidea

A

Cyclophyllidea: proglottids can be filled with eggs, they are alive- pooped out of the host. Dries out, ruptures, and that is how eggs are released. 1 can give rise to 50,000 metacestodes.

Pseudophyllideans: uterine pore- where the eggs pops out. So if you’re doing a faecal float, the chances of finding this egg is close to zero.

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18
Q
A

Pseudophyllidean tapeworm

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19
Q
A

Raillietina (chickens)

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20
Q

Which egg is which?

A

** some of the thick shelled terrestrial can survive for a couple of years in the environment

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21
Q
A
22
Q
A
23
Q

How likely are you to see Hymenolepis, Taenia, Echinococcus, Anoplocephala, Dipylidium, and Moneizia in faeces?

A

Uncommon to see in faeces because they are Cyclophyllidea therefore they release segments (proglottids) in faeces, not single eggs. The proglottids have to dry first for the eggs to rupture.

24
Q
A
25
Q
A
26
Q
A
27
Q

What is the metacestode of Pseudophyllideads?

A

plerocercoid (infectious stage)- 2nd IH

procercoid- 1st IH metacestode

28
Q

What are the metacestodes called from Taenia spp., Taenia multiceps, Echinococcus, Taenia taeniaformis, Dipyliidium/ Hymenolepis?

A
29
Q

How many adult worms per hydatid cyst? What is a problem oversea with one Echinococcus species?

A

Hundreds of protoscolex per cyst (bud internally- asexually- each protoscolex will produce 1 adult worm)

(There is one Echinococcus species that is cancerous- like a neoplastic growth- organ dysfunction)

30
Q
A

Metacestode

31
Q
A

Metacestode

32
Q
A

Metacestode

33
Q
A

Metacestode- this one not present in AUS

34
Q
A

Metacestode

35
Q
A

Metacestode- kangaroo lung with hytadid cysts

36
Q

Life cycles of Pseudophyllidea vs. Cyclophyllidea

A
37
Q

Pseudophyllidian vs. Cyclophyllidian

A
38
Q

Characteristics of Pseudophyllideans

A

operculated= lid

** eggs are shed in faeces through uterine pore

39
Q

What is unique about Spirometra’s life cycle?

A

Many paratenic hosts (facilitator hosts)

40
Q

Life cycle of Diphyllobothrium

A
41
Q

Will you see this in Australia?

A

Potentially due to trade if just chilled instead of frozen could potentially infect people globally

42
Q

Clinical signs of Diphyllobothrium, treatment, where, how long can it grow, how to prevent?

A
43
Q

What is the life cycle of Spirometra spp.?

A
44
Q

Spirometra- species, clinical signs, and treatment?

A
45
Q
A
46
Q
A
47
Q

Diagnosis and Treatment of Spirometra

A

Biggest thing is usually asymptomatic and no big deal

48
Q
A

Spirometra

49
Q
A

Proliferative Disease: Spirometra spp.- dog ingested procercoid– doesn’t develop into a pleurocercoid just keeps multiplying as procercoids– proliferative. Usually occurs in the lungs, but one case in the abdominal cavity has occurred.

50
Q
A

Proliferative Disease: Spirometra spp.- dog ingested procercoid– doesn’t develop into a pleurocercoid just keeps multiplying as procercoids– proliferative. Usually occurs in the lungs, but one case in the abdominal cavity has occurred.

Parasitology 2 (13 decks)

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