Week 12

Question 1

What do almost all pigs have? What is the issue?

Answer 1

Balantidium coli, zoonosis

Question 2

Answer 2

Balantidium coli

Question 3

Answer 3

Balantidium coli

Question 4

LIfe cycle of Balantidium coli (simple)

Answer 4

Question 5

At risk of what?

Answer 5

Balantidium coli

Question 6

What is Amoebic dysentry?

Answer 6

Entamoeba histolytica

Question 7

Life cycle of Entamoeba histolytica, what is the only way to ID?

Answer 7

PCR- morphologically indistinguishable

Question 8

Symptoms of Amoebiasis

Answer 8

Question 9

Answer 9

Amoebiasis- Entamoeba histolytica

Question 10

Diagnosis of Entamoeba histolytica

Answer 10

Question 11

Answer 11

Entamoeba histolytica

Question 12

Treatment and control of Entamoeba histolytica

Answer 12

Doesn’t reach high concentrations in the colon. Supplement with paromomycin (assists in increasing efficacy of treating Amoebiasis)

Question 13

Amoebic meningoencephalitis- who does it affect? How does it get in? CFR?

Answer 13

Primates, humans

* Very rare

3 main genera: Naegleria fowleria, Acanthamoeba spp and Balamuthia mandrillaris (also animals)– that cause Amoebic meningoencephalitis

** most common way to get is jumping into fresh water bodies, hot springs

**Nagleria fowleri- free living– pressure from water going in– Goes through olfactory nerve straight into the brain- primary cause in humans of Amoebic meningoencephalitis

* Balamuthia mandrillaris- spreads to the brain (animals too)

** immuno compromised animals may be invasive in other tissues too

CFR- 98% with treatment.

Question 14

Sources of infection of Naegleria, Acanthamoeba, Balamuthia

Answer 14

Question 15

Cinical signs and pathology of Naegleria, Acanthamoeba, Balamuthia

Answer 15

Question 16

treatment of Naegleria, Acanthamoeba, Balamuthia

Answer 16

Miltefosine recently approved for amoebic ME- registered for visceral leishmaniasis- analogue of eukaryotic membrane phospholipid

* 98% fatality rate