Week 2 Flashcards
Enoplids
* whipworms
* Typhlitis/typhlocolitis in some mammals
Enoplids
* Really tiny, only the larval stage you’d be looking for
* Trichinella- 12 different species
* Food-borne disease; zoonosis
Who do they infect? What does it cause? Clinical signs in animals?
(Enoplids)
Trichinella L1s
* can infect any mammalian host
* insufficiently cured meat- Trichinellosis
* no clinical signs of Trichinellosis in animals
Encapsulated species e.g. T. spiralis (Enoplids) (L1 morphology)
(differentiated based on histology)
T. papuae or T. pseudospiralis
Non-encapsulated (Enoplids) (L1 morphology)
* Differentiated based on histo
What Enoplid?
Trichinella spiralis (T1)
What two Enoplids?
Transmission of Trichinella and Life cycle
* Domestic & sylvatic cycles
* Crustacean- IH
* pigs ingest contaminated swill
*rat ingesting contaminated swill
* fox can eat the infected rodents
* human ingested insufficiently treated or cooked pork
* Muscle goes into stomach–> digested–> L1 released–> L1 will moult (happens fast within 26 hours)–> L3–> ready to copulate (6 day old infection, already adults, already mating)–> male dies after 5 days–> female burrows into mucosa of SI and lays larvae into mucosa, poke tail into the lacteals (vessels and capillaries)–>L1 get into lymph sometimes blood stream–> eventually end up via the lymphatics into the vena cava into the circulation dessiminated around the body
** IMMUNITY IS NOT PROTECTIVE
Trichinella spiralis
How do you kill T. spiralis from pork?
Diagnosis and Treatment in humans vs. animals
Why no anthelmintic treatment in animals? No signs therefore no clinical diagnosis. But you can in abattoir surveillance “trichinoscopy” look for the Trichinae
Control and prevention of trichinellosis
In humans/primates, pigs, dogs, cats, ruminants? Where?
LI
When will you see Trichuris? What is infection called?
Lack of hygiene. Can reinfect animals or humans.
Typhlitis or Typhlo-colitis
Life cycle of Trichuris?
PPP= 1.5-3 months
Bloody, mucoid typhlitis or typhlo-colitis due to large number of Trichuris
Trichuris egg.
Treatment and control of Trichuris? Diagnosis?
* Treatment with pyrantel + oxantel emboate, fenbendazole, or macrocyclic lactone
* Control via elimination of shedders, clean environment, concrete runs, maintain hygiene
* Immunosuppression? Other underlying problems?
* Diagnosis and monitoring via coprological examination (eggs)
PPP~ 1.5-3 months
Very pathogenic- need to scrape the mucosa due to how fine they are
Capillaria in dogs and cats? Treatment?
green circle- lungs
yellow circle- bladder
Capillaria hepatica
* usually sylvatic, occasionally in pet rodents (ingests infected eggs, can transmit to dogs and rarely transmitted to humans)
General morphology of an acanthocephalan (why do we care?)
need to differentiate from nematodes
