Week 5 Flashcards
OA of the hand most commonly affects the ______, ________, and _________joints
DIP, PIP, CMC joints
Orthoses that are made for individuals with arthritis are primary used to:
Reduce inflammation
Support and stabilize joints during function to reduce pain
Protects joints from increased stress/demand
Prevent joint contractures
Immobilize unstable joints
Increased ROM
Increased function
Position joints for “occupational performance”
Common symptoms of OA include?
Joint tenderness
Crepitus pain- sounds like a creeping door
__________% of individuals with persistent RA develop bilateral wrist joint involvement
95%
Orthoses used in the rheumatic hand are classified according to function: and they are?
Resting Orthoses
Static Orthoses
Static progressive
Dynamic splints
What Orthoses provides passive immobilization during the acute stage of inflammation, alleviate pain by resting the involved joints and facilitate the use of uninvolved joints?
Resting Orthoses
What Orthoses is the primarily used to provide support, stabilization protection and/ or immobilization and has no moving components?
Static Orthoses
What Orthoses is used to regain joint motion q
Static progressive Orthoses
How is joint motion achieved?
Achieved by the use of hook and loop closures, hinges, screws, and turnbuckles
What Orthoses is used to reduce ulnar deviation?
Static progressive Orthoses
What Orthoses is primarily used to apply force to lengthen tissue in order to restore motion and counteract the deforming forces of RA with constant gently traction?
Dynamic Orthoses
According to the CDC (United States Centers for disease control and Prevention), there are approximately _________people in the U.S. Who suffer from a traumatic brain injury each year.
1.5 million
How many people die from TBI each year?
50,000
How many people suffer long term disabilities?
85,000
In the U.S., more than __________people live with disabilities caused by TBI
5.3 million people
The causes of TBI are diverse. The top three caused are?
MVA
Firearms
Falls
The highest incident rate for TBI is amount:
Males, 15-24 years old
Geriatrics, _________________
75 years and older
What are the two classifications of TBI?
Open head injury
Closed head injury
Involved acceleration/ deceleration with penetration is what classification of TBI?
Open head injury
What TBI classification is often used by rapid acceleration/ deceleration without apparent visible damage?
Closed head injury
Open head injuries Are results of?
Results from bullet wounds etc.
Largely focal damage
Penetration of the skull
Closed head injuries are results from?
From a slip and fall, MVA, etc.
focal damage and diffuse damage to axons
Effects tend to be broad (diffuse)
No penetration to the skull
What is another name for deceleration injuries?
Diffuse Axonal injury
What is diffuse axonal shearing?
When the brain is slammed back and forth inside the skull it is alternately compressed and stretched because of the gelatinous consistency
What is a Coup contra-coup injury?
Instance where brain bounces back and forth inside of the head, causing damage to the brain where it hits the skull
The brain is injured at the point of direct impact and it bounces back into the opposite side of the skull
What is synergy?
Synergy occurs when muscles are firmly linked together and the patient is unable to master individual joint movements
What are the three types of limb synergies?
Reflexive
Voluntary
A combination of reflective and voluntary
A___________reflexive pattern can be defined as in involuntary evoked response to a physical agent (I.e. Touch, stretching, vibration)
A reflexive pattern
A _______________pattern is produced though volitional movement, such as active knee or elbow extension
Voluntary pattern
Upper extremity orthotics are most often prescribed to:
Prevent contractures Maintain mobility (for hygiene)
A WHO can be applied to maintain wrist alignment and prevent what?
Prevent finger flexor deformities
Finger separators are preferred to prevent what?
To prevent friction between fingers
If spasticity is noted in the finger Flexors, full extension may not be possible what is a more suitable option?
A sphere-shaped palmar device may be more suitable
What can be used if the patient has hypersensitivity to palmar contact?
Dorsal splint
Some patients with TBI are hypersensitive to palmar contact which will elicit what?
Will elicit a grasp response
