Week 4 Flashcards
According to the American burn Association (2013) ____________fire/burn/smoke inhalation deaths per year
3,400
According to the American Burn Association (2013) ____________individuals received medical treatment for burns.
450,000
According to the American burn Association (2013) ____________hospitalizations due to burns
40,000
According to the American burn Association (2013) _____________at hospital burn centers
30,000
What is the survivor rate for burns?
96.6%
96.6% survival rate _______% males vs. ______females
69% males
31% females
What percentage of hospital burn admission is caused by fire/flames?
43%
What percentage of hospital burn admission are do to scald / bowling water?
34%
What percentage of hospital burn admissions are due to contact burns?
9%
What percentage of hospital burn admission is due to electrical burns?
4%
What percentage of hospital burn admission are due to chemical burns?
3%
72% of burns occurs in the?
Home
What percentage of burns occur at the work place?
9% are occupational
5% of burns occur in the?
Street/highway
What percentage of burns occur in other places?
9%
What percentages of burns occur in recreational places?
5%
What is the BSA?
Body surface area is the reference term used when describing the percentage of the body has been burned
If an individuals BSA of a burn is greater than 15% (adult) or 10% (child),the patient will require what?
Will require hospitalization for IV fluid resuscitation
The rule of nine for BSA estimate for the head and neck is what percentage?
9%
The rule of nine for BSA estimate for each upper limb is what percentage?
9%
The rule of nine for BSA estimate for each lower limb is what percentage?
18%
Anterior 9%
Posterior 9%
The rule of nine for BSA estimate for the torso is what percentage?
36%
Anterior 18%
Posterior 18%
The rule of nine for BSA estimate for the perineum is what percentage?
1%
What are the classifications and degrees of burns?
1st degree
2nd degree
3rd degree
4th degree
Superficial involvement and redness of skin without blisters is what degree of burn
1st degree burns
How are 1st degree burns treated?
Treated primarily for comfort with local analgesics and pain medications
Usually heal within one week
“Partial thickness burns” blisters may or may not be trimmed is what degree of burn?
2nd Degree Burns
Some_____ degree burns may need excision of damaged skin followed by grafting
2nd degree burns
How should 2nd degree burns treated?
ForeArm should be splinted in functional position (if possible) to prevent later stiffness
Open, raw surfAces should be cleaned with frequent dressing changes - topical antibiotics performed until wounds are healed
Wound healing for 2nd degree burns occur within __________weeks
2-3 weeks
“Full Thickness Burns” dead skin will need to be removed and replaced with skin grafts s what degree of burn?
3rd degree burns
How are 3rd Degree burns treated?
Most surgeons remove the skin as soon as possible and graft immediately
Orthotic treatment begins and is continued until the wounds are healed and then mobilization will begin
Escharotomy
An escharotomy is indicated if?
A burns that is full circumference can sometimes constrict blood flow
Large amount of swelling is present or expected
Inelastic burned skin
What is a escharotomy?
Release rigid and inelastic burned skin to allow:
Circulation
Breathing (chest involvement)
As in 3rd degree burns, but with added damage to deeper structures - tendons -muscles - joints - bones Is what degree of burn?
4th degree burns
What are the classifications of hypertrophic scars?
Remain confined to border of original wound
Arise in any location
Regress with time
Flatten spontaneously in time
Appear within 1 month of the original wound
What are the classifications of keloids?
Extends beyond border of original wound Commonly occurs on sternum, arms, cheeks, earlobes Thick collagen Remain elevated > 4 mm Appear 3 months or later Worsen with surgery
What are the common issues with burn patients?
Itching
Burns damage and or destroy the oil glands
Many patient experience intense itching
Moisturizer should only be applied to healed scars
Pressure garments may decrease itching
Custom pressure garments should be worn for how many hours a da?
23 hours a day
May not improve scar, but can decrease itching and protect the fragile skin from injury
Silicone gel sheets?
Assist with decreasing itching and moisturizing skin
Can be worn alone, or under pressure garments, splints and or Orthosis
