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Upper Extremity Orthotics > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

0
Q

In lower orthotic what is the treatment focused on?

A

Gait

Balance

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1
Q

What patient population scenarios would benefit from upper extremity orthotic intervention?

A 
Stroke 
Burns
TBI's 
Congenital 
Infections 
CP
Carpal tunnel 
Arthritis
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2
Q

In upper extremity what is the treatment plan focused on?

A 
Reach 
Prehension 
Transitional movements 
Hand manipulation 
Carrying 
Object released
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3
Q

How many carpal bones are in the wrist?

A

8

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4
Q

The treatment plan consist of what five things?

A 
Biomechanics 
Patient assessment 
Fabrication 
Device delivery 
Adjustments
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5
Q

Name the 8 carpal bones of the wrist

A 
Scaphoid 
Lunate 
Triquetrum 
Pisiform 
Trapezium 
Trapezoid 
Capitate 
Hamate
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6
Q

How many metacarpals are in each hand?

A

5

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7
Q

Name each metacarpal

A

Metacarpals 1-5

Metacarpals I - V

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8
Q

How many phalanges are on each hand?

A

14

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9
Q

The longitudinal Arch extends from the distal phalanges to where?

A

Distal phalange to the carpals

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10
Q

Which border of the hand is the easiest view of the longitudinal arch?

A

Medial border of the hand

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11
Q

True or false

The longitudinal arch functions in opening and closing of the hand?

A

True

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12
Q

Where is the distal transverse arch located?

A

Located at the metacarpal phalangeal (MCP) joint level

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13
Q

True or false

The distal transverse arch is relatively mobile?

A

True

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14
Q

In the distal transverse arch the ___, ____, ____ metacarpals rotate around the 2nd and 3rd metacarpals to either flatten or increase its arc

A

1st, 4th, 5th

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15
Q

Where is the proximal transverse arch located?

A

At the level of the carpometacarpal joint (CMC)

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16
Q

True or false the proximal transverse arch is relatively fixed and remains arched even the hand is closed?

A

False- relatively fixed and remains arched even when the hand is open

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17
Q

The __________ muscles are largely responsible for changing the shape of the working hand for gasping objects

A

Extrinsic

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18
Q

The __________muscles are responsible for maintaining the three arches of the hand

A

Intrinsic

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19
Q

What are the pressure points of the hand?

A 
CMC 
Tener eminence 
IP joint 
Radial process 
Ulnar syloid 
MCP's 
PIP
DIP
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20
Q

The arches provide a balance between ___________and _________for gasping

A

Stability - proximal transverse arch

Mobility - distal transverse arch

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21
Q

We produce the so called “__________” by using the more stable second and third metacarpals, instead of the more mobile fourth and fifth metacarpals

A

“Chuck grasp”

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22
Q

Name the creases of hand

A 
DIP crease 
PIP crease 
Palmar digital crease 
Distal palmar crease 
Proximal palmar crease 
Thenar crease 
Wrist crease
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23
Q

What do the creases of the hand and fingers have to do with anything?

A

Important for trimlines (locations)

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24
Q

What are the joints of the forearm?

A 
Humeralradial joint 
Proximal radio-ulnar joint (PRUJ) 
Radiocarpal joint 
Humero-ulnar joint 
Distal radio-ulnar joint (DRUJ)
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25
Q

What are the thumb motions?

A 
Adduction 
Abduction 
Extension 
Flexion 
Opposition 
Reposition
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26
Q

What are the wrist and hand motions?

A 
Flexion 
Extension 
Radial deviation 
Ulnar deviation 
Pronation 
Supination
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27
Q

True or false

The radius rotates around the ulnar

A

True

28
Q

Forearm pronation is how a many degrees?

A

90 degrees

29
Q

Forearm supination is how many degrees?

A

80

30
Q

What types of synovial joints are found in the upper extremities?

A

Saddle joint
Condyloid joint
Hinge joints
Ball and socket joints

31
Q

Hat type of joint is oval articular surface of bone fits into a complementary depression in another

A

Condyloid joint

32
Q

True or false

Biaxial joints permit all angular motions - radiocarpal joints and MCP joints

A

True

33
Q

What joint is similar to condyloid joints but allow greater movement
Each articular surface had both a concave and convex surface

A

Saddle

34
Q

The carpometacarpal joint of the thumb is what type of joint?

A

Saddle

35
Q

Cylindrical projections of one bone fits into a trough -shaped surface on another
Single plane motion
An is a uniaxial joint that permits flexion and extension only

A

Hinge joints

36
Q

Elbow and interphalangeal joints are what types of joints?

A

Hinge joints

37
Q

In functional hand position the thumb in abduction and opposition with the pads of the 1st and 2nd fingers in line with the _________________

A

Pad of the thumb

38
Q

When the wrist becomes flexed, the extensor tendons tighten and the distal transverse arch_________

A

Flattens

39
Q

Hat joint is a spherical head of one bone articulates with a cup like socket of another

A

Ball and socket joint

40
Q

True or false

Multi axial joints permit the most freely moving synovial joints

A

True

41
Q

Glenohumeral joint is an example of what type of joint?

A

Ball and socket

42
Q

For functional hand position the wrist need to be in how many degrees of extension

A

30- 40

43
Q

For functional hand position the MCP’s need to have how much flexion?

A

45-50

44
Q

For functional hand position the PIP joint need to be in how many degrees?

A

35-45 degrees

45
Q

For functional hand position the DIP joint needs to be slightly flexed to how many degrees?

A

10-25 degrees

46
Q

For functional hand position ulnar deviation should be between _______degrees?

A

0-10 degrees

47
Q

What muscles allow for elbow flexion

A 
Brachial is 
Biceps brachii
Brachioradialis 
Pronator teres 
Extensor carpi radial is Longus 
Flexor carpi radialis 
Flexor carpi ulnarus
48
Q

Elbow extensor muscles are?

A

Triceps brachii

Anconeus

49
Q

Forearm pronators

A

Pronator teres

Pronator quadratus

50
Q

Forearm supinators

A

Biceps brachii

Supinator

51
Q

What are the wrist flexor muscles?

A 
Flexor carpi radialis 
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Palmaris longus 
Flexor Digitorum superficialis 
Flexor Digitorum profundus
52
Q

What are the wrist extension muscles?

A

Extensor carpi radialis Longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extensor Digitorum

53
Q

What are the wrist radial deviators?

A 
Extensor carpi radialis Longus 
Extensor carpi radialis Brevis 
Extensor pollicis Longus 
Extensor pollicis Brevis 
Flexor carpi radialis 
Abductor pollicis Longus
54
Q

What are the ulnar deviators?

A

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Flexor carpi ulnaris

55
Q

What muscle is responsible for thumb flexion?

A

Flexor pollicis Brevis

56
Q

What are the thumb extension muscles?

A

Extensor pollicis Brevis

Abductor pollicis

57
Q

What are the thumb abductor muscles?

A

Abductor pollicis Longus

Abductor pollicis Brevis

58
Q

What are the thumb adduction muscles?

A

Adductor pollicis

1st dorsal Interosseus

59
Q

What are the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP) Flexors?

A

Flexor Digitorum superficialis

Flexor Digitorum profundus

60
Q

What are the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) Extensors?

A

Interossei

Lumbricals

61
Q

What is the distal interphalangeal joint (DIP) flexor?

A

Flexor Digitorum profundus

62
Q

What are the DIP Extensors?

A

Interossei

Lumbricals

63
Q

Metacarpophalangeal (MP) joints Flexors

A 
Dorsal Interossei 
 D.A.B. = dorsal abduct the fingers 
Palmar Interossei 
 P.A.D. = palmar adduct the fingers 
Lumbricals
64
Q

What are the Metacarpophalangeal (MP) or (MCP) joint Extensors?

A

Extensor Digitorum
Extensor indicis
Extensor Digiti minimus

65
Q

What is the function of the dorsal Interossei?

A

Dorsal abducts the fingers

66
Q

What is the function of the palmar Interossei?

A

Palmar adduct the fingers

67
Q

What is the function of the Lumbricals?

A

Flex MCP and extend the IP joints

Upper Extremity Orthotics (7 decks)

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