Week 1 Flashcards
In lower orthotic what is the treatment focused on?
Gait
Balance
What patient population scenarios would benefit from upper extremity orthotic intervention?
Stroke Burns TBI's Congenital Infections CP Carpal tunnel Arthritis
In upper extremity what is the treatment plan focused on?
Reach Prehension Transitional movements Hand manipulation Carrying Object released
How many carpal bones are in the wrist?
8
The treatment plan consist of what five things?
Biomechanics Patient assessment Fabrication Device delivery Adjustments
Name the 8 carpal bones of the wrist
Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrum Pisiform Trapezium Trapezoid Capitate Hamate
How many metacarpals are in each hand?
5
Name each metacarpal
Metacarpals 1-5
Metacarpals I - V
How many phalanges are on each hand?
14
The longitudinal Arch extends from the distal phalanges to where?
Distal phalange to the carpals
Which border of the hand is the easiest view of the longitudinal arch?
Medial border of the hand
True or false
The longitudinal arch functions in opening and closing of the hand?
True
Where is the distal transverse arch located?
Located at the metacarpal phalangeal (MCP) joint level
True or false
The distal transverse arch is relatively mobile?
True
In the distal transverse arch the ___, ____, ____ metacarpals rotate around the 2nd and 3rd metacarpals to either flatten or increase its arc
1st, 4th, 5th
Where is the proximal transverse arch located?
At the level of the carpometacarpal joint (CMC)
True or false the proximal transverse arch is relatively fixed and remains arched even the hand is closed?
False- relatively fixed and remains arched even when the hand is open
The __________ muscles are largely responsible for changing the shape of the working hand for gasping objects
Extrinsic
The __________muscles are responsible for maintaining the three arches of the hand
Intrinsic
What are the pressure points of the hand?
CMC Tener eminence IP joint Radial process Ulnar syloid MCP's PIP DIP
The arches provide a balance between ___________and _________for gasping
Stability - proximal transverse arch
Mobility - distal transverse arch
We produce the so called “__________” by using the more stable second and third metacarpals, instead of the more mobile fourth and fifth metacarpals
“Chuck grasp”
Name the creases of hand
DIP crease PIP crease Palmar digital crease Distal palmar crease Proximal palmar crease Thenar crease Wrist crease
What do the creases of the hand and fingers have to do with anything?
Important for trimlines (locations)
What are the joints of the forearm?
Humeralradial joint Proximal radio-ulnar joint (PRUJ) Radiocarpal joint Humero-ulnar joint Distal radio-ulnar joint (DRUJ)
What are the thumb motions?
Adduction Abduction Extension Flexion Opposition Reposition
What are the wrist and hand motions?
Flexion Extension Radial deviation Ulnar deviation Pronation Supination
True or false
The radius rotates around the ulnar
True
Forearm pronation is how a many degrees?
90 degrees
Forearm supination is how many degrees?
80
What types of synovial joints are found in the upper extremities?
Saddle joint
Condyloid joint
Hinge joints
Ball and socket joints
Hat type of joint is oval articular surface of bone fits into a complementary depression in another
Condyloid joint
True or false
Biaxial joints permit all angular motions - radiocarpal joints and MCP joints
True
What joint is similar to condyloid joints but allow greater movement
Each articular surface had both a concave and convex surface
Saddle
The carpometacarpal joint of the thumb is what type of joint?
Saddle
Cylindrical projections of one bone fits into a trough -shaped surface on another
Single plane motion
An is a uniaxial joint that permits flexion and extension only
Hinge joints
Elbow and interphalangeal joints are what types of joints?
Hinge joints
In functional hand position the thumb in abduction and opposition with the pads of the 1st and 2nd fingers in line with the _________________
Pad of the thumb
When the wrist becomes flexed, the extensor tendons tighten and the distal transverse arch_________
Flattens
Hat joint is a spherical head of one bone articulates with a cup like socket of another
Ball and socket joint
True or false
Multi axial joints permit the most freely moving synovial joints
True
Glenohumeral joint is an example of what type of joint?
Ball and socket
For functional hand position the wrist need to be in how many degrees of extension
30- 40
For functional hand position the MCP’s need to have how much flexion?
45-50
For functional hand position the PIP joint need to be in how many degrees?
35-45 degrees
For functional hand position the DIP joint needs to be slightly flexed to how many degrees?
10-25 degrees
For functional hand position ulnar deviation should be between _______degrees?
0-10 degrees
What muscles allow for elbow flexion
Brachial is Biceps brachii Brachioradialis Pronator teres Extensor carpi radial is Longus Flexor carpi radialis Flexor carpi ulnarus
Elbow extensor muscles are?
Triceps brachii
Anconeus
Forearm pronators
Pronator teres
Pronator quadratus
Forearm supinators
Biceps brachii
Supinator
What are the wrist flexor muscles?
Flexor carpi radialis Flexor carpi ulnaris Palmaris longus Flexor Digitorum superficialis Flexor Digitorum profundus
What are the wrist extension muscles?
Extensor carpi radialis Longus
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Extensor Digitorum
What are the wrist radial deviators?
Extensor carpi radialis Longus Extensor carpi radialis Brevis Extensor pollicis Longus Extensor pollicis Brevis Flexor carpi radialis Abductor pollicis Longus
What are the ulnar deviators?
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Flexor carpi ulnaris
What muscle is responsible for thumb flexion?
Flexor pollicis Brevis
What are the thumb extension muscles?
Extensor pollicis Brevis
Abductor pollicis
What are the thumb abductor muscles?
Abductor pollicis Longus
Abductor pollicis Brevis
What are the thumb adduction muscles?
Adductor pollicis
1st dorsal Interosseus
What are the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP) Flexors?
Flexor Digitorum superficialis
Flexor Digitorum profundus
What are the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) Extensors?
Interossei
Lumbricals
What is the distal interphalangeal joint (DIP) flexor?
Flexor Digitorum profundus
What are the DIP Extensors?
Interossei
Lumbricals
Metacarpophalangeal (MP) joints Flexors
Dorsal Interossei D.A.B. = dorsal abduct the fingers Palmar Interossei P.A.D. = palmar adduct the fingers Lumbricals
What are the Metacarpophalangeal (MP) or (MCP) joint Extensors?
Extensor Digitorum
Extensor indicis
Extensor Digiti minimus
What is the function of the dorsal Interossei?
Dorsal abducts the fingers
What is the function of the palmar Interossei?
Palmar adduct the fingers
What is the function of the Lumbricals?
Flex MCP and extend the IP joints
