Week 5 Flashcards
What are the key functions of the ankle and foot?
Stability for push-off and rigid lever action; mobility for shock absorption and adapting to uneven surfaces.
What bones form the talocrural joint?
Tibia, fibula, and talus.
What type of joint is the ankle (talocrural) joint?
Synovial hinge joint.
What movements occur at the tarocrural joint?
Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion.
What joint is responsible for invertion and evertion?
The transverse tarsal joint.
What provides stability to the talocrural joint?
Bony shape and collateral ligaments.
What are the three arches of the foot?
Medial longitudinal, lateral longitudinal, and transverse.
What helps support the longitudinal arch?
Plantar aponeurosis (fascia) and the shape of bones like cuneiforms and the cuboid.
What are the three functions of the plantar aponeurosis?
Protecting deep structures of the foot, intrinsic toe muscles, plantar nerves veins and arteries *
To maintain the longitudinal arches of the foot. * provide muscular attachment.for the intrinsic muscles of the foot *
tighten during metatarsophalangeal extension (push off phase of walking) and make the foot into a rigid lever
Where does the plantar fascia attatch?
it runs from the plantar side of the calcaneus, distally to past the metatarsophalangeal joints
What happens when you stand on one leg and balance?
The toes are staying still and are moving your foot and leg above them to help your balance. Usually you imagine your foot staying still and moving your toes with these muscles.
What is the tarsal tunnel?
A passageway beneath the flexor retinaculum for tendons, arteries, veins, and nerves.
What structures pass through the tarsal tunnel (mnemonic)?
Tom, Dick, And Very Nervous Harry” — Tibialis posterior, Flexor digitorum longus, Artery (posterior tibial), Vein, Nerve (tibial), Flexor hallucis longus.
What are the main functions of the plantar intrinsic muscles?
Flex, abduct, and adduct the toes.
What nerves innervate the plantar muscles? + veins and arteries
Medial and lateral plantar nerves, veins and arteries.
What nerve innervates the dorsal intrinsic muscles? + veins and arteries
Deep fibular nerve. Dorsalis pedis veins and arteries.
What are the actions of the dorsal intrinsic muscles?
Toe extension and abduction.
What intrinsic muscles flex the toes and what nerve are they innervated by?
- tibialis posterioir
- flexor digitorum brevis
- flexor hallucis brevis
- lumbricals
- abductor hallucis
- flexor digiti minimi
- quadratus plantae (assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing the toes)
- Inervated by medial and lateral plantar nerves
What intrinsic muscles extend the toes?
- extensor digitorum brevis
- extensor hallucis brevis
- innervate dby the deep fibula nerve
What intrinsic muscles abduct the toes?
- abductor hallucis
- abductor digiti minimi
- dorsal interossei
What intrinsic muscles adduct the toes?
- adductor hallucis
- adductor digiti minimi
- plantar interossei
- lumbricals
Why is circling your legs important when flying?
- The posterioir tibial vein sits in between the bellies of gastrocractionemius
- Moving your foot activates this musclenin its contraction and acts like a pump to get the blood flowing again back up to the heart.
Name the joints in the foot.
- Tarocrural joint
- metatarsophalangeal joint
- promixal inter-phalangeal joint
- distal inter-phalangeal joint (hallux only has distal)
What nerves give sensation to the sole of the foot?
- medial and lateral plantar nerve
- tibial nerve
What artieries supply blood to the foot?
- medial and lateral plantar arteries
- dorsalis pedis arteries
What are the arches of the foot and how are they held in place?
- There are three arches in the foot, two longitudinal, and one transverse
- The transverse arch is held by ligaments of the foot and the shapes of the cuneiforms bones. Since they are wedge shaped. they slot in together to form an arch, which prevents this arch from collapsing.
- The lonitudinal arches are supported by ligaments and muscles in the foot.
- Tibialis anterioir and fibularis longus form a sling as they wrap around the bottom of the foot, supporting these arches.
- Other ligaments are tibialis posterioir, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, and intrinsic plantar muscles.
Name the bones in the foot.
- Calcaneus
- Talus
- Navicular
- Cuboid
- Medial, intermediate, and lateral cunieforms)
- Metatarsals (1-5)
- proximal, middle, and distal phalanges
Overall three sections - tarsals, metatarsals, and phalanges.
