Week 2 Flashcards
1
Q
What is the function of the pelvis?
A
- Withstand weight bearing and locomotion
- It is more used for provide strength and stability as opposed to mobility.
- Protects organs of reproduction, digestion, and urination.
- Links the trunk and lower limbs.
2
Q
What are the 5 main structures of the pelvis?
A
- Ilium
- Sacram
- Coccyx
- Ischium
- Pubis
3
Q
Where are the posterior, superior, iliac spines located on the pelvis?
A
- Posterior of the ilium, and the point were the iliac crest begins - medial to the iliac crest.
4
Q
What are the important landmarks of the pelvis and where are they located?
A
- Iliac crest
- Iliac fossa
- Posterioir, superior iliac spines
- Anterioir, superior iliac spine
- Anterioir, inferioir iliac spine
- Obturator foramen
- Acetabulum
- Sacral foramina
- Greater sciatic notch - curve medial of the iliac crest
- Sacroiliac joint - medial and superior to the iliac crest
- Pubic symphysis - most anterior
- Ischial tuberosity - (sit bones) located the most inferioir of the pelvis and is posterioir.
5
Q
What type of joint is the sacroiliac joint?
A
- Synovial therefore is very mobile.
6
Q
Differences between a male and female pelvis.
A
- Male ischial tuberosity is narrower, whereas it is wider for females, thus the whole sturcture is broader and shorter for females.
- The male subpubic angle is narrower, whereas the female subpubic angle is wider to allow for childbirth.
7
Q
Label the organs, viens, structures, and arteries involved in the excretory system.
A
- Inferioir vena cava (big vein at the top of teh abdomen)
- Abdominal aorta (beside vena cava)
- Kidney
- Adrenal gland (sits above kidney)
- Renal vein
- Renal artery (located at the kidney)
- Ureter (travels down from the kidney to the bladder)
- Common iliac artery and vein (section after first split, but before second split) - located at the ilium
- Internal iliac artery and vein
- External iliac artery and vein
- Bladder
- Uretar openings
- Urethra
8
Q
True or flase: The renal vein and renal artery account for 1/4 of the cardiac output every minute.
A
- True
9
Q
Describe the structure and function of the kidney.
A
- Bean shaped
- Excrete waste such as urea
- Regulate blood pressure through osmotic regulation of salt and water
- Reabsorb water
- Adrenal glands produce hormones to regulate water.
10
Q
What is the structure and function of the pelvic floor?
A
- Structure: two groups of skeletal muscle, levator ani, and coccygeus. Levator ani can be further broken down into indiviual muscles known as puborecteal ligament, iliococcygeus ligament, and pubococcygeus.
- Attatched anteriorly to the inside of the pubis and ilium and posteriorly to the sacram and coccyx and ischial spine. Coccygeus attatches posteriorly to the spine.
- Function: since it is comprised of skeletal muslce it’s role is to voluntarily control the the exceretory system and sexual sensation. It also holds al reproductive organs.
11
Q
Describe the stucture and function of the bladder and its innervation.
A
- Made of smooth muscle walls called, detrusor
- Sympathetic nerves cause relaxation of the detrusor = urine retention.
- Parasympathetic contraction of detrusor muscle = mictrution - this allows you to pee.
- Somatic external urethral sphincter (voluntary)
12
Q
What is a perineum?
A
- A diamond shaped area between (for females) the vagina and anus, and between the scrotom and anus for males.
- Contains labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, and the mons pubis which is a fatty tissue covering the pubic bone, glands, and there release pheremones.
- Inferioir to the pelvic floor
13
Q
Structure and function of the bladder.
A
- Hollow space where urine is stored. Walls are lined by smooth muscle called detruser.
- stores urine until the parasympathetic nervous system acts on it and contracts the detroson muscle, to relax internal sphincters and open the urthetra and allow urine to pass through.
- The sympathetic nervous system is stimulated when peeing is not required. The detroson muscle relaxes and contracts external sphincters so urine does not pass through.
14
Q
Structure and function of the ovary.
A
- Sits directly superioir to the uterus and is both an endocrine and exocrine gland as it secrets hormones but also produces eggs for fertalization.
15
Q
Structure and function of the uterus.
A
- Hollow space lined with smooth muscle.
- Space for fertalization to occur and for a feutus to grow in pregnancy.
16
Q
Structure and function of the anus.
A
- Is a passage way for waste to leave the body.
- It is internally lined with smooth muscle, but conatins skeletal muscle (levator ani) in the pelvic floor, contributing as external sphincters and release the waste under voluntary control.
17
Q
Structure and function of vas deferens.
A
- A tube which transports sperm from the testical into the pelvis, past the seminal vesicles, prostate, and then urthera before ejactulation.
18
Q
Structure and function of seminal vesicles.
A
- Seminal vesicles are vesicles next to the prostate.
- They produce a nutrious fluid for the sperm, mixing to become semen and giving it the appropriate nutrients for it to survive when ejaculated outside the male body.
19
Q
Structure and function of the prostate.
A
- Is an organ and produces hormones.
- It also alters the pH of the fluid mixing with the sperm so that the semen is of higher alkalinity to ensure that it survives in the acidic nature of the vagina.
20
Q
Structure and function of the testicles.
A
- Lies in the scortom.
- produces hormones and makes sperm.
21
Q
Structure and function of the scrotum.
A
- An external sack located posterioir to the penis and is composed of skin and smooth muscle.
- The smooth muscle involuntarily moves the scrotom up or down as a repsonse to thermal regulation to keep the testicles cool.
22
Q
Describe the structure and function of the urethra.
A
- A tube lined with smooth muscle. In both females and males it transports urine from teh bladder to outside the body.
- However, aditionally it also can transport semen from the prostate in males.
