Week 4 Flashcards
What bones form the knee joint?
Femur, tibia, and patella (not the fibula).
What type of joint is the knee joint?
Hinge and Synovial joint.
What is the primary function of the knee joint?
Transfers weight from the femur to the tibia and allows for lower limb movement.
What are the functions of the menisci?
Distribute load
Conform to articular surfaces
Deepen the tibial surface for lateral stability
Reduce friction
How do the medial and lateral menisci differ?
Medial meniscus: Larger, wider, attached to the joint capsule and tibial collateral ligament.
Lateral meniscus: Smaller, not attached to the joint capsule.
What is the function of the patellar ligament/tendon?
Connects the patella to the tibial tuberosity and provides anterior knee support.
What are the main collateral ligaments of the knee?
Tibial (medial) collateral ligament: Broad and flat.
Fibular (lateral) collateral ligament: Cord-like.
What are the main cruciate ligaments of the knee and what are their functions?
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL): Prevents anterior displacement of the tibia.
Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL): Prevents posterior displacement of the tibia.
What is the boarder of the popliteal fossa and what are its contents?
Boarders:
- semimembranosus and semitendinosus
- biceps femoris
- medial and lateral head of gastrocnemius
Contents:
- Popliteal vein
- Popliteal artery
- Tibial nerve
- Common fibular nerve
What muscles are in the anterior compartment of the leg?
Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
Fibularis tertius
What muscles are in the lateral compartment of the leg?
Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis
What muscles are in the superficial posterior compartment of the leg?
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris
What muscles are in the deep posterior compartment of the leg?
Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
What type of joint is the proximal tibiofibular joint?
Synovial, plane joint with gliding movement during ankle motion.
What compartment of the leg is Tibialis Anterioir in and what is OIAN?
- Anterioir compartment
O: tibia, interosseus membrane
I: medial cuneiform, 1st metatarsal
A: Dorsiflex the ankle and invert teh foot
N: Deep flibular nerve
What compartment of the leg is Extensor Digitorum Longus in and what is OIAN?
- Anterioir compartment
- O: Tibia - lateral, fibula - superioir medial, interosseus membrane
- I: toes 2-5
- A: dorsiflex ankle, extend toes 2-5
- N: deep fibular
What compartment of the leg is Extensor hallucis longus in and what is OIAN?
- Anterioir compartment
- O: Fibula, interosseus membtrane
- I: base distal phalanx hallux
- A: dorsiflex ankle and extend hallux (big toe)
- N: deep fibular
What compartment of the leg is fibularis tertius in and what is OIAN?
- Anterioir compartment
- O: Fibula and interosseus membrane
- I: 5th metatarsal
- A: dorsiflex ankle, evert foot
- N: deep fibular nerve
What compartment of the leg is Fibularis longus in and what is OIAN?
- Lateral compartment
- O: upper fibula
- I: 5th metatarsal and medial cuneiform
- A: foot eversion
- N: superficial fibular
What compartment of the leg is fibularis brevis in and what is OIAN?
- Lateral compartment
- O: inferioir lateral fibula
- I: base 5th metatarsal
- A: foot eversion
- N: superficial nerve
What compartment of the leg is gastrocnemius in and what is OIAN?
- Superficial posterior compartment
- O: Lateral and medial condyle femur
- I: Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
- A: ankle plantarflecion, knee flexion
- N: Tibial nerve
What compartment of the leg is solues in and what is OIAN?
- Superficial posterioir
- O: Tibia, fibula
- I: Calcaneus vis calcaneal tendon
- A: Ankle plantarflexion
- N: Tibial nerve
What compartment of the leg is plantaris in and what is OIAN?
- Superficial posterior compartment
- O: inferioir femur
- I: Calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
- A: Ankle plantarflexion, knee flexion (not strong)
- N: Tibial nerve
What compartment of the leg is Tibialis Posterioir in and what is OIAN?
- Deep posterior
- O: Interosseus membrane, tibia, fibula
- I: navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid, metatrsals
- A: plantarflex ankle, invert foot, arch support
- Tibial nerve
What compartment of the leg is Flexor Haalucis Longus in and what is OIAN?
- Deep posterioir
- O: fibula, interosseus membrane
- I: hallux
- A: Flex hallux, arch support
- N: Tibial nerve
What compartment of the leg is Flexor Digitorum Longus in and what is OIAN?
- Deep posterioir
- O: posterioir tibia
- I: lateral 4 toes
- A: flex toes 2-5, plantarflexion, arch support.
- N: Tibial nerve
What is a common consequence of fibular (peroneal) nerve damage?
“Slap gait” or “high-stepped gait” due to dorsiflexion weakness.
What conditions can cause peroneal nerve damage?
Leprosy, multiple sclerosis, syphilis.
What happens if the tibial nerve is damaged?
Weakness in plantarflexion and inability to flex toes.
Of the tibial nerve, where does the motor neuron go?
- Posterioir compartment of the leg.
Of the tibial nerve, where does the sensory neuron go?
- The posterioir leg and plantar foot.
What nerve innervates the anterioir compartment of the leg?
- Deep fibular nerve
What nerve innervates the lateral part of the leg?
- superficial fibular nerve
What nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the leg?
- Tibial nerve
Where is the interosseous membrane and what is its function?
- Between the tibia and fibula
- Provides structure to the tibiofibular joint
- Increases surface area for muscle attatchment
- Seperates the lower leg into compartments
