Week 5 Flashcards
What is deviance in psychology?
Deviance refers to behaviors, thoughts, or emotions that are statistically infrequent or deviate from social norms.
What is distress in the context of psychology?
Distress refers to the experience of excessive, debilitating stress that affects thoughts, emotions, and behavior, and can indicate a psychological disorder when severe.
What is dysfunction in psychological terms?
Dysfunction refers to impairments in social, occupational, or daily functioning, affecting a person’s ability to fulfill roles and responsibilities.
What are the four components of anxiety responses?
1) Subjective-emotional: feelings of tension and apprehension.
2) Cognitive: worrisome thoughts and a sense of inability to cope.
3) Physiological: increased heart rate, muscle tension, nausea, etc.
4) Behavioral: avoidance of situations and impaired task performance.
What is rumination, and how does it relate to PTSD?
A: Rumination is the repeated thinking about a traumatic event, which can maintain a person’s emotional state and prevent them from processing the trauma fully.
Q: What characterizes Bipolar I disorder?
A: Severe mood swings between extreme depression and periods of intense mania.
What is Bipolar II disorder?
It involves less severe manic episodes (hypomania) along with severe depressive episodes.
What is cyclothymic disorder?
A milder form of bipolar disorder with less extreme mood swings, involving periods of mild depression and hypomania.
What is rapid cycling in bipolar disorder?
It refers to having four or more episodes of mania or depression within a 12-month period.
What did Gotlib et al. (2004a) find using fMRI in people with depression?
A: Low levels of neuron responsiveness in emotion-related brain areas, possibly explaining the lack of positive emotions in depression.
How does the biochemical theory explain the treatment of depression
A: Antidepressant drugs work by increasing the activity of neurotransmitters, enhancing positive mood and motivation.
What is the depressive attributional pattern?
A: It is when individuals attribute positive outcomes to external factors and negative outcomes to personal factors, reinforcing negative self-beliefs.
