Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psychology 100 > Week 5 > Flashcards

Week 5 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What did Ramón y Cajal conclude

A

that discrete individual neurons are the structural and functional units of the nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the Nissl stain label

A

The main part of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the Golgi stain, stain?

A

only stains approximately 1–2% of neurons, this allows the interpreter to distinguish between one cell from another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Resting Membrane Potential?

A

describes what occurs in a neuron at rest, when it is theoretically not receiving or sending signals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the similarities between intracellular, and extracellular, resting membrane potential?

A

both fluids are composed of ions (electrically charged molecules). this composition is made of sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), Chloride (Cl-) and anions (A-)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Are cations positively charged ions or negative

A

positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Are anions positively charged ions or negative

A

negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how many neurons in the brain approx.?

A

100 billion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the 3 main components of a neuron

A

dendrites, somas, axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does a dendrite look like and what does it do

A

stems out of the soma, and norm. branches out several times. receives info from other neurons, main source of input for the neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the soma contain and do

A

contains the nucleus and supports the chemical balancing of the neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what does the nucleus do

A

contains genetic info, directs protein synthesis, supllies the energy and the resources the neuron needs to function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what does axon look like and do

A

stems away from the soma, carries important signal called the action potential to other neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are axons covered in

A

myelin sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the myelin sheath purpose

A

allows the signal and communication of one neuron to travel quickly to another neuron.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are nodes of ranvier and how does it interact with action potential

A

gaps in the myelin sheath, action potentil jumps from node to node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is saltatory conduction

A

when the action potential jumps from node to node of the nodes of ranvier in the myelin sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where is the terminal button located

A

at the end of an axon, it forms synapses with spines/protrusions on the dendrites of other neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are synapses. Where do they form

A

where the axon comes in contact with a dendrite of another neuron. form between the presynaptic terminal button and the postsynaptic membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the synaptic gap?

A

tiny space between presynaptic terminal button and the postsynaptic dendritic spine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what do neurotransmitters do and from where do they do it

A

carry chemical messages. they leave the presynaptic terminal button, travel thru the synaptic gap, and activate ion channels on the postsynaptic spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

3 diff types of neurons

A

motor neurons, sensory neurons, interneurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what do motor neurons do?

A

are about initiating and allowing actions and behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

sensory neurons?

A

are about our personal experiences and how we receive info from the world around us

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

interneurons

A

process the info around us: takes info from the sensory neurons, processes it to come up with the appropriate response, and then conveys the message to the motor neurons to act upon it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what are unipolar neurons made up of?

A

one axon, no dendrites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what do unipolar neurons do?

A

involved with transmission of physiological information from the body’s periphery such as communicating body temperature through the spinal cord up to the brain

28
Q

what are bipolar neurons made up of

A

one axon and one dendrite

29
Q

what do bipolar neurons do?

A

invovled in sensory perception, such as perception of light in the retina of they eye

30
Q

what are multipolar neurons made up of

A

one axon and many dendrites, so as to be able to communicate with many neurons

31
Q

what do multipolar neurons do

A

communicate sensory and motor information in the brain, and they’re the most common neuron

32
Q

What do Oligodendroglia cells do

A

wrap their dendritic processes around the axons of neurons many times to form the myelin sheath.

33
Q

whats a difference between glia cells and neurons

A

glia cells dont participate in communication between cells the same way neurons do

34
Q

what is the cell membrane made of

A

a lipid bilayer of fat molecules

35
Q

What is diffusion

A

the force on molecules to move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration

36
Q

What is electrostatic pressure?

A

the force on 2 ions with similar charge to repel each other and the force of 2 ions with opposite charge to attract to one another (opposites attract)

37
Q

What is electrostatic pressure?

A

the force on 2 ions with similar charge to repel each other and the force of 2 ions with opposite charge to attract to one another (opposites attract)

38
Q

Equilibrium potential

A

the voltage at which no ions flow

39
Q

Resting membrane potential

A

The voltage inside the cell relative to the voltage outside the cell while the cell is a rest. approx -70mV

40
Q

What can be explained by all-or-nothing theory?

A

action potential, it either happens or it doesnt

41
Q

What is the threshold of excitation

A

specific membrane potential that the neuron must reach to initiate an action potential. If it’s reached then action potential occurs

42
Q

What are ionotropic receptors?

A

ion channels that opens to allow ions to permeate the cell membrane under specific conditions, such as the presence of a neurotransmitter or a specific membrane potential

43
Q

communications within a neuron is what

A

electrical

44
Q

communications between neurons is what

A

chemical

45
Q

what do hormones affect

A

behaviour

46
Q

what are hormones and what do they do?

A

an organic chemical messenger released from endocrine cells that travels through the blood to interact with target cells at some distance to cause a biological response

47
Q

What are endocrine glands purpose

A

to release hormones into the blood system in response to specific biological signals

48
Q

What are hormones that influence behaviour?

A

steroid hormones such as testosterone, estradiol, progesterone, cortisol

49
Q

What do estradiol and testosterone cause to gametes?

A

maturation of eggs or sperm and promote mating behaviour

50
Q

Neuroendocrinology

A

the study of how the nervous system and the endocrine system are interrelated

51
Q

What are target cells?

A

a cell that has receptors for a specfic chemical messenger (hormone or neurotransmitter)

52
Q

What are the 3 interacting components in humans for internal systems of the brain

A

sensory/input systems, integrators/central nervous system, output/effectors systems (like muscles)

53
Q

Gonadal sex

A

The sex of an individual as determined by the possession of either ovaries or testes. Females have ovaries, whereas males have testes.

54
Q

Chromosomal sex

A

The sex of an individual as determined by the sex chromosomes (typically XX or XY) received at the time of fertilization.

55
Q

What are aggressive behaviours organized by

A

androgens

56
Q

What are parental behaviours?

A

Behaviors performed in relation to one’s offspring that contributes directly to the survival of those offspring

57
Q

What is progesterone?

A

A primary progestin that is involved in pregnancy and mating behaviors

58
Q

What happens when a target cell is activated by a hormone

A

proteins activate or deactivate other genes

59
Q

Psychopharmacology

A

the study of how drugs affect the brain and behavior — a relatively new science

60
Q

at a basic level, what will a drug do to you

A

alter how neurons communicate with each other

61
Q

What are agonists?

A

a drug that increases or enhances a neurotransmitters effect

62
Q

antagonists

A

a drug that blocks a neurotransmiters effect

63
Q

What is ADME

A

absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion

64
Q

What is metabolism

A

breakdown of substances (such as psychoactive drugs) happens primarily in the liver

65
Q

What is enzyme induction?

A

an increase in the enzymes produced in the liver

Psychology 100 (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions