More Flashcards
what are the ethics of scientific psychology
informed consent, confidentiality, deception, privacy, benefits, debriefing
what are empirical methods
inquiry using measurement and observation
what is systematic observation
observing the natural world to collect basic data that allows scientists to track information
what are the different features of scientific thinking
accuracy, consistency, scope, simplicity, fruitfulness
what does designing a scientific study require
planning, examining the data, inferrences from data, drawing conclusions
what is the participant demand in a study
the participant subconsciously trying to behave in a way that the experimenter wants them to
what is a double-blind procedure
both the experimenter and the participant not being aware of an external characteristic of the participant
what is a case study
a study that examines specific people/concepts
what 3 things does a good experimental design have
reliability, validity, replicability
what is the nature-nurture debate
extent to which particular aspects of behaviour are either inherited or learned
what is the nature part of nature-nurture
the genetics
what is the nurture part of nature-nurture?
the environment
which twins are identical
monozygotic, one egg
what are epigenetics
Epigenetics is the study of how your behaviors and environment can cause changes that affect the way your genes work.
what are 3 diff principles of learning
metacognition, transfer-appropriate processing, forgetting
what is the main diff between instrumental and classical conditioning
instrumental: behaviour is associated with a significant event
classical: behaviour is associated with a stimuli
What was Thornike’s Law of Effect
when a behaviour has a positive consequence, it will likely be repeated
what are the 4 knowledge emotions
awe, confusion, surprise, interest
what are the 3 main parts of the neuron
dendrite, soma, and axon
what are bipolar neurons responsible for
sensory perception (like the light in the retina)
what are unipolar neurons responsible for
sends physiological info to the brain
what are the main differences between glia cells and neuron cells
glia cells don’t act in cell communication the same way neurons do
What is the part of he brain associated with language production
Broca’s area
What hormone is stress responses associated with
cortisol
What was a general concern with Broadbent’s Filter Model, Treisman’s Attenuation Model, and Late Selection Models
They lacked the ability to account for all of the data
Modern televisions and computer monitors were developed on the basis of the trichromatic colour theory, using three colour elements placed close enough together that the colours are blended by the eye. The field of psychology that engages in work like this is known as:
Human Factors
does the context of how we got hurt impact that way we perceive the pain?
Yes, strongly
where is the tympanic eardrum
between the outer ear and the middle ear
Identical twins share an identical genome, but we know that they are not the identical person. What is an explanation for this?
epigenetic patterns become more dissimilar with age
What scientific discipline examines similarities between individuals and analyzes them based on how biologically related they are.
quantitative genetics
What theory deals with the evolution of cognitive biases that lead to judgments and decisions we make in situations of uncertainty
error management theory
Sumby and Pollack (1954) found that the influence of visual cues on interpretation of an auditory stimulus was ______ when the background noise was loud.
most effective
Ivan Pavlov advanced behaviorism by showing that behavior could be explained without reference to ______ and was instead controlled by events in the environment.
the mind
The saying the “the whole is greater than the sum of its parts” represents to philosophy of ______ psychology.
Gestalt
Morales is interested in studying how very small facial movements can be an early indicator of emotional response. Which measure would Dr. Morales likely use to measure very small facial movements?
electromyography
Irene has been having migraines lately and she goes to visit her doctor. Her doctor sends her to have a brain imaging test that will measure changes in the naturally occurring oxygen in the blood in her brain. Which type of procedure is Irene going to have?
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
In Ivan Pavlov’s original experiment, the ______served as an unconditioned stimulus because it naturally elicited a response from the dogs.
food
what is the peripheral nervous system
the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord
which part of the peripheral nervous system increases heart rate and the “Fight or Flight” response?
Sympathetic nervous system
which part of the peripheral nervous system decreases heart rate and follows the “rest and digest” response
the parasympathetic nervous system
what is somatosensory
a feeling or sensation on ANY part of the body
what area of the temporal lobe is associated with language comprehension
Wernicks area
what does the hippocampus do
in the temporal lobe, associated with learning and memory
what is the Absolute Threshold
the smallest amount of sensation needed to be detected by a sense
where is the cochlea in the ear
in the inner ear
what are the 4 levels of falling asleep
stage 1: falling asleep
stage 2: light sleep
stage 3: muscle relaxation
REM sleep: fully asleep, stage most similar to consciousness in regards to brain waves, quick eye movement
what are the three psychoactive drugs
hallucinogens
depressants
stimulants
what do depressants do to ur body
slows down bodys physiological repsonses,
highly addictive
what do stimulants do to the body
speeds up bodys physiological responses
what do hallucinogens do to the body
alters percpetion of environment by creating illusions and hallucinations
