Week 4.5 Hearing/Olfactory Flashcards
The audible range is ___ to ____ Hz
20-20,000
differences at the two ears provide information about localization in _____
space
extending through the cochlea and maintaining directionality is the _____ _____
basilar membrane
the cochlea performs ____ _____ to disambiguate the experienced complex waveform and split it into smaller waves
fourier analysis
the ____ _____ of the cochlea performs fourier analysis on the signal
basilar membrane
_____ frequency sound waves move deeper into the basilar membrane
lower
sound, in the form of waves through a liquid, enters the cochlea at the ____ window, and leaves at the ____ window
oval, round
the _____ membrane in the cochlea moves, while the ______ membrane remains relatively stiff
basilar, tectorial
the _____ of the hair cell extends into the liquid in the chamber between the tectorial membrane and basilar membrane
stereocilia
the “hair cells” are made up of ____ and _____
stereocilia and kinocilium
there are about ______ inner hair cells and _______ outer hair cells
3500, 12000
_____ hair cells diverge and are connected to 8030 auditory nerve fibers.
inner
_____ hair cells converge - each auditory nerve fiber is connected to many ____ hair cells
outer
hair cell stereo cilia are connected by a ____ ____ that opens a ____ channel when activated
tip link , K+
the frequency of the sound is reflected in the _____ of the ______
firing of the neuron
can a neuron fire at 700 Hz?
no
how do high frequency sounds get translated by the neuron?
several fibers fire, and the signal is summed
hair cell damage =
hearing damage
3 major vestibular reflexes:
vestibulo - 1. ocular
- colic
- spinal reflexes
what does the ocular reflex do?
keeps the eyes still in space when the head moves
what does the vestibulo-colic reflex do?
keeps head still in space , or on a level plane when you walk
what does the vestibular spinal reflex do?
adjusts posture for rapid changes in position
we can distinguish _____ smells
10000
MOB
main olfactory bulb
MOE
main olfactory epithelium
VNO
vomeronasal organ
AOB
accessory olfactory bulb
there are about _____ million olfactory sensory neurons per side in humans
10
how many opsin types do humans have int the olfactory epithelium?
388
all axons terminating in a glomerulus are from _____ type(s) of olfactory sensory neurons
the same
each glomerulus codes for _____ odorant type(s)
one
the vestibular system is made of of 3 ____ _____ _____
semi-circular canals
what are the 3 canals of the vestibular system
anterior, lateral, posterior
the olfactory bulb is separated from the nasal cavity by the ____ _____
cribiform plate
there are ______ of different types of olfactory receptors
thousands
several receptors for the same molecule will all be wired to one ______
glomerulus
a _______ cell connects the glomerulus to the brain
mitra / tufted
can every taste bud taste every taste?
yes! they include all the taste buds
taste receptors have axons that do what?
stay separate and go all the way to the brain
