Week 2 Flashcards
Neurotransmitters are stored in_____ _____ at the ends of axon
synaptic vesicles
At the end of the axon, the action potential causes _____ ______ to open
calcium channels
When calcium channels open at the end of the _____ , calcium triggers ______ of _______ into the synapse.
exocytosis , neurotransmitters
ionotropic
ligand-gated neurotransmitter channel/receptor
metabotropic
neurotransmitter receptors that rely on a second messenger - once removed
can amino acids be neurotransmitters?
yes
can small molecules be neurotransmitters?
yes
can peptides be neurotransmitters?
yes
5 methods for a drug to enter the brain:
1. Ingestion; 2. Absorption into the blood; 3. Transport to the brain via circulation; 4. Penetration into brain tissue through
membranes that protect it (blood-brain barrier);
5. Association with proteins whose function they mimic or control.
agonist
binds to and ACTIVATES receptor
antagonist
binds to receptors without activating them, blocking drug/enzyme uptake
What happens when you block acetylcholinesterase action?
perpetual neurotransmitter stimulation - sarin gas
what does sarin gas do?
blocks acetylcholinesterase action
For monoamines, ______ is a common mechanism to stop neurotransmitter action - prozac does this
re-uptake inhibition
painkillers _____ enkephalin or endorphins
mimic
7 ways that drugs work
- disrupt presynaptic vesicles
- displace neurotransmitters
- block neurotransmitter release
- block degrading enzyme
- inhibit synthesis
- block re-uptake
- mimic neurotransmitter
- block post-synaptic site
local anesthetics _____ ______ _____
block Na+ channels
nicotine alcohol barbiturates benzodiazepines pencyclidine act at _______ gated channels
ionotropic
opioids cannabis LSD (indirect) cocaine amphetamine MDMA act at _______ gated channels
monotrophic
