Week 1 Flashcards
what is the brain made up of?
77% water
11% fat
8% protein
4% salt
number of neurons in the brain
10^11
number of synapses in the brain
10^14
medulla function
autonomic center for regulating heart, ungs, and digestive system
pons function
relays sensory information to cerebellum
cerebellum function
coordinates complex motor patterns
cerebrum function
conscious thought, memory, “higher processing”
the position along the neuraxis corresponds to the ______ of the process being controlled
complexity
brain stem function
basic survival (respiration, heartrate)
cortex
higher functions
can learning/memory cause functional brain changes?
yes
can prenatal influences like hormones, drugs, alcohol lear to functional brain changes?
yes
the brain changes and develops from age 0 until _____
death
the brain changes and develops from age 0 until _____
death
neurons are ____ and _____ throughout life
added and removed
sensitive periods of plasticity are ______ in different ares
different
3 functions of neurons
- transduce physical signals into neural signals
- 3.
sensory and motor neurons make up only _____ of all neurons
4%
3 common areas of neurons
input zone (dendrites and cell body) integration zones (site of spike of initiation) output zone (axon and synapses)
input zone
dendrites and cell body
integration zone
site of spike of initiation
output zone
axon and synapses
three types of neurons
multipolar neuron
bipolar neuron
monopolar neuron
5 ways to measure metabolic activity in the brain
PET, NMR, fMRI,CAT, MRI
CAT
computed axial tomography
PET
positive emission tomography
NMR
nuclear magnetic resonance
fMRI
functional magnetic resonance imaging
MRI
magnetic resonance imaging
two ways to measure electrical activity in the brain
microstimulation, EEG (gross potential)
Who was Phineas Gage
rod through brain, turned from diligent, dependable leader to foulmouthed, ill-mannered liar
the position along the neuraxis corresponds to the ______ of the process being controlled
complexity
spinal cord function
relfexes
brain stem function
basic survival (respiration, heartrate)
cortex
higher functions
allocation of brain space corresponds to functional __________
importance
3 key functions of neurons
transduce physical signals into neural signals
transmit, transform and store neural info
transduce neural signals into muscle action
______ cells wrap around the axon and consist of myelin
Schwann
3 functional types of neurons
sensory/input, interneurons, motor or output neurons
3 zones of a neuron, conserved in all
input zone (dendrites and cell body) integration zone (site of spike initiation) output zone (axon and synapses)
sensory and motor neurons make up _____ %
4
action potentials travel without _______
attenuation
can axon potentials go in both directions?
no, only one
between neurons, signals are carried in _______
neurotransmitters
neuron resting potential
-70mv
