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HumBio 4A > Week 1 > Flashcards

Week 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the brain made up of?

A

77% water
11% fat
8% protein
4% salt

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2
Q

number of neurons in the brain

A

10^11

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3
Q

number of synapses in the brain

A

10^14

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4
Q

medulla function

A

autonomic center for regulating heart, ungs, and digestive system

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5
Q

pons function

A

relays sensory information to cerebellum

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6
Q

cerebellum function

A

coordinates complex motor patterns

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7
Q

cerebrum function

A

conscious thought, memory, “higher processing”

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8
Q

the position along the neuraxis corresponds to the ______ of the process being controlled

A

complexity

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9
Q

brain stem function

A

basic survival (respiration, heartrate)

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10
Q

cortex

A

higher functions

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11
Q

can learning/memory cause functional brain changes?

A

yes

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12
Q

can prenatal influences like hormones, drugs, alcohol lear to functional brain changes?

A

yes

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13
Q

the brain changes and develops from age 0 until _____

A

death

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14
Q

the brain changes and develops from age 0 until _____

A

death

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15
Q

neurons are ____ and _____ throughout life

A

added and removed

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16
Q

sensitive periods of plasticity are ______ in different ares

A

different

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17
Q

3 functions of neurons

A
  1. transduce physical signals into neural signals
  2. 3.
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18
Q

sensory and motor neurons make up only _____ of all neurons

A

4%

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19
Q

3 common areas of neurons

A 
input zone (dendrites and cell body)
integration zones (site of spike of initiation)
output zone (axon and synapses)
20
Q

input zone

A

dendrites and cell body

21
Q

integration zone

A

site of spike of initiation

22
Q

output zone

A

axon and synapses

23
Q

three types of neurons

A

multipolar neuron
bipolar neuron
monopolar neuron

24
Q

5 ways to measure metabolic activity in the brain

A

PET, NMR, fMRI,CAT, MRI

25
Q

CAT

A

computed axial tomography

26
Q

PET

A

positive emission tomography

27
Q

NMR

A

nuclear magnetic resonance

28
Q

fMRI

A

functional magnetic resonance imaging

29
Q

MRI

A

magnetic resonance imaging

30
Q

two ways to measure electrical activity in the brain

A

microstimulation, EEG (gross potential)

31
Q

Who was Phineas Gage

A

rod through brain, turned from diligent, dependable leader to foulmouthed, ill-mannered liar

32
Q

the position along the neuraxis corresponds to the ______ of the process being controlled

A

complexity

33
Q

spinal cord function

A

relfexes

34
Q

brain stem function

A

basic survival (respiration, heartrate)

35
Q

cortex

A

higher functions

36
Q

allocation of brain space corresponds to functional __________

A

importance

37
Q

3 key functions of neurons

A

transduce physical signals into neural signals
transmit, transform and store neural info
transduce neural signals into muscle action

38
Q

______ cells wrap around the axon and consist of myelin

A

Schwann

39
Q

3 functional types of neurons

A

sensory/input, interneurons, motor or output neurons

40
Q

3 zones of a neuron, conserved in all

A 
input zone (dendrites and cell body)
integration zone (site of spike initiation)
output zone (axon and synapses)
41
Q

sensory and motor neurons make up _____ %

A

4

42
Q

action potentials travel without _______

A

attenuation

43
Q

can axon potentials go in both directions?

A

no, only one

44
Q

between neurons, signals are carried in _______

A

neurotransmitters

45
Q

neuron resting potential

A

-70mv

HumBio 4A (11 decks)

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