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BMS246 Anatomy > Week 4 - The Abdomen > Flashcards

Week 4 - The Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

How many layers of muscle line the lateral abdominal wall

A

3

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2
Q

Which is the muscle that spans the anterior abdominal wall

A

Rectus abdominis

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3
Q

What are the three muscles that line the lateral wall of the abdomen called

A

External obliques
Internal obliques
Transverse obliques

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4
Q

What is the central band of fibrous tissue which runs down the midline of the anterior abdominal wall

A

Linea alba

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5
Q

The nerves that supply the anterior wall muscles are provided by which set of sucessive thoracic vertebrae

A

T8 –> L3

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6
Q

What is the name given to the white fibrous sheet covering the rectus abdomini

A

Aponeurosis of the external abdominal obliques

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7
Q

3 parts of the small intestine - proximal to distal

A

duodenum
jejunum
Ileum

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8
Q

The __________ forms a c-shaped loop

A

Duodenum

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9
Q

Parts of the large intestine start at the ileo-caecal valve

A 
Caecum
Ascending colon
hepatic flexure
Transverse colon
Splenic flexure 
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
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10
Q

What are the three branches of the abdominal aorta which supply the gut

A

Coeliac trunk
Superior mesenteric artery
Inferior mesenteric artery

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11
Q

What part of the gut does the coeliac trunk supply

A

The foregut

Up to the halway point of the duodenum

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12
Q

What part of the gut does the superior mesenteric artery supply

A

The midgut

From halfway along the duodenum to 2/3 of the way along the transverse colon

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13
Q

What part of the gut does the inferior mesenteric artery supply

A

The hind gut

From 2/3 of the way across the transverse colon to the rectum

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14
Q

What are the three salivary glands

A

Parotid gland
Sublingual gland
Sub mandibular gland

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15
Q

Where is the hepatic flexure located

A

In the right hypochondriac region

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16
Q

Where is the splenic flexure located

A

In the left hypochondriac region

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17
Q

What type of pleura lines organs

A

Visceral

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18
Q

How can you remember visceral pleura lines organs

A

Organs are viscera

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19
Q

What type of pleura doesnt line the organs

A

Parietal

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20
Q

What type of pleura lines the ribcage

A

Parietal

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21
Q

What type of pleura lines the lungs

A

Visceral as the lungs are viscera (organs)

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22
Q

Recall the abdominal sandwich of layers

A 
Skin
Facia 
External oblique 
[[Rectus abdominis]]
Internal obliques
Transveralis Facia
Peritoneum
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23
Q

Which way do the external obliques run

A

Medially

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24
Q

Which way do the internal obliques run

A

Laterally (away from the midline)

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25
Q

The rectus abdominis run from the X to the X

A

Xiphoid process to the pubic crest

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26
Q

What is the white fibrous line running up the centre of the anterior abdominal wall called

A

Linea albea

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27
Q

What can be said about the rectus abdominis at their superior border and at their inferior border

A

Broad at the superior

Focus down at the inferior

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28
Q

What are the abdominal muscles important for

A

Resp, coughing and sneezing
Mictriction (urination), defecation and childbirth
Lifting of heavy objects

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29
Q

Where would a surgeon cut during abdominal surgery

A

As close to the midline without cutting the midline

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30
Q

Why would a surgeon not cut down the midline

A

Linea alba is fibrous - poor blood supply so wouldnt heal very well

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31
Q

Why would a surgeon not cut to the side of the rectus abdominis

A

Would sever the nerve innervation of the rectus abdominis

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32
Q

Top right region of the abdomen

A

Right hypochondriac

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33
Q

Top left region of the abdomen

A

Left hypochondriac

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34
Q

Middle top region of the abdomen

A

Epigastric

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35
Q

Middle right region of the abdomen

A

Right lumbar

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36
Q

Middle left region of the abdomen

A

Left lumbar

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37
Q

Middle central region of the abdomen

A

Umbilical

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38
Q

Bottom right region of the abdomen

A

Right iliac fossa

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39
Q

Bottom left region of the abdomen

A

Left iliac fossa

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40
Q

Bottom middle region of the abdomen

A

Hypogastric region

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41
Q

What are the two vertical lines which divide the abdomen, from where do they originate

A

Mid clavicular

Originate 1/2 way along the clavical

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42
Q

What is the superior horizontal line that divides the abdomen

A

Trans-pyloric plane

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43
Q

What is the level of the transpyloric plane

A

L1

44
Q

What is the level of the pylorus

A

L1

45
Q

What is the inferior horizontal line that divides the abdoment

A

Trans-tuberucular plane

46
Q

What is the level of the transtubercular plane

A

L5

47
Q

Where does the diaphrgam meet the transpyloric line

A

The 9th costal cartilage

48
Q

What is in the right hypochondrium

A 
Small intesting 
Right kidney 
Gall bladder
Liver 
Hepatic flexure (large intestine)
49
Q

What is in the left hypochondrium

A 
Pancreas
Splenic flexure 
Left kidney 
Colon 
Spleen
50
Q

What is the the epigastric region

A 
Liver
Stomach 
Adrenal glands 
Pancrease 
Duodenum
51
Q

What is in the right lumbar region

A

Aascending colon
Gall bladder
Liver

52
Q

What is in the umbilical region

A

Duodenum
Ileum
Jeejunum
Umbilicus

53
Q

What is in the left lumbar region

A

Left kidney

Descending colon

54
Q

What is in the right iliac fossa

A

Cecum

Appendix

55
Q

What is in the left iliac fossa

A

Sigmoid colon

Descending colon

56
Q

What is in the hypogastric region

A

Female repro organs
Sigmoid colon
Urinary bladder

57
Q

Shape of the duodenum

A

C shaped

58
Q

Which part of the SI is ulcer prone, why?

A

Duodenum

Blood supply

59
Q

Are there pilcae circualris in the duodenum

A

Yes at the distal end

60
Q

Are there pilcae circualris in the jeunum

A

Yes throughout

61
Q

Are there pilcae circualris in the ileum

A

Yes at proximal end

62
Q

Apart from the pilcae circualris what else can distinguis the jejunum

A

Rich blood supply so more pink apperance

63
Q

What two things are found in the ileum

A

Merckels diverticulum

Payers patches

64
Q

What are payers patches

A

Unencapsulated lymphoid nodules - that contain a large number of lymphocytes because lots of bacteria in the ileum

65
Q

What is merckles diverticulum

A

Congenital (born at birth) 2% Left over of the umbilical chord

66
Q

Ways in which large intestine can be distinguished from the small

A

Fatty tags - appendicies epiploica

Teneai coli - raised bands of the smooth muscle - causes the formation of Haustrations

67
Q

What are the fatty tags called

A

Appendicies epploica

68
Q

Where does the abdominal aorta start

A

At the abdominal hiatus

69
Q

What level does the abdominal hiatus lie

A

T12

70
Q

What level does the abdominal aorta start

A

T12

71
Q

Where does the abdominal aorta end

A

L4 when it bifurcates

72
Q

What does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into

A

Left and right iliac arteries

73
Q

How many anterior branches of the aorta are there which supply the gut

A

3

74
Q

What is the most superior anterior branch of the abdominal aorta

A

The celiac trunk

75
Q

What is the middle anterior branch of the abdominal aorta

A

The superior mesenteric artery

76
Q

What is the most inferior anterior branch of the abdominal aorta

A

the inferior mesenteric artery

77
Q

Celiac trunk branches off at what level

A

Superior border of L1 // Inferior border of T12

78
Q

Superior mesenteric artery branches off at what level

A

Inferior border of L1

79
Q

Inferior mesenteric artery branches off at what level

A

Inferior border of L3

80
Q

What does the celiac axis supply

A

The foregut - everything up until halfway along the duodenum

81
Q

What does the superior mesenteric artery supply

A

The mid gut - from halfway along the duodenum to 2/3 of the way along the transverse colon

82
Q

What does the inferior mesenteric artery supply

A

The hind gut - from 2/3 of the way along the transverse colon to the rectum

83
Q

What accsssory organs does the celiac axis supply

A

Pancreas, spleen, liver and the gall bladder

84
Q

3 branches of the celiac artery

A

Left gastric
Splenic
Common hepatic

85
Q

What is the major duodenal papilla, what does it mark

A

Where the bile duct meets the duodenum, halfway along the duodenum

86
Q

What are the four branches of the superior mesenteric artery

A

Jejunal illeal
Ileocolic
Right colic
Middle colic

87
Q

What is significant about the jejunal illeal branch

A

Many branches here, branches form arcades and connect wit the surface of the tract through vasa recta

88
Q

Where is the ileocolic branch

A

Most distal (last branch off)

89
Q

Where is the right colic branch off the superior mesenteric

A

2nd branch off

90
Q

Where is the middle collic branch

A

1st branch off

91
Q

What are the vasa recta

A

Vessels that run straight to the surface of the intestine

92
Q

3 branches of the inferior mesenteric artery

A

Left colic
Sigmoid
Superior rectal

93
Q

Describe the peritoneum

A

A serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity and viscera

94
Q

VISCERAL OR PARIETAL — lines the organs

A

Visceral

95
Q

VISCERAL OR PARIETAL — lines the abdominal wall

A

Parietal

96
Q

What is the space between the peritoneum

A

Pertitoneal cavity

97
Q

The doubling up of the peritoneum form

A

Omenta

98
Q

Peritoneum which attaches organs to the posterior wall is called

A

Mesentary

99
Q

A retroperitoneal organ is

A

Behind the peritoneum

Only one surface is covered

100
Q

At intraperitoneal organ is

A

Almost fully covered by visceral peritoneum

101
Q

What is the lesser omentum

A

The peritoneum which joins the porta hepatis of the liver to the lesser cruvature of the stomach

102
Q

What is the greater omentum

A

The peritoneum which joins the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon

103
Q

Where is the lesser sac

A

Behind the stomach and the liver

104
Q

Where is the greater sac

A

Most of the cavity from the diaphrgam all the way down to the pelvic cavity

105
Q

Party down with AC/DC old records means what?

A 
Pacrease
Duodenum
Asc. colon
Des. colon
Oesophagus 
Rectum

Are all retroperitoneal structures and have one surface covered - mostly lying behind the peritoneum

BMS246 Anatomy (7 decks)

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