Week 4 - The Abdomen Flashcards
How many layers of muscle line the lateral abdominal wall
3
Which is the muscle that spans the anterior abdominal wall
Rectus abdominis
What are the three muscles that line the lateral wall of the abdomen called
External obliques
Internal obliques
Transverse obliques
What is the central band of fibrous tissue which runs down the midline of the anterior abdominal wall
Linea alba
The nerves that supply the anterior wall muscles are provided by which set of sucessive thoracic vertebrae
T8 –> L3
What is the name given to the white fibrous sheet covering the rectus abdomini
Aponeurosis of the external abdominal obliques
3 parts of the small intestine - proximal to distal
duodenum
jejunum
Ileum
The __________ forms a c-shaped loop
Duodenum
Parts of the large intestine start at the ileo-caecal valve
Caecum Ascending colon hepatic flexure Transverse colon Splenic flexure Descending colon Sigmoid colon
What are the three branches of the abdominal aorta which supply the gut
Coeliac trunk
Superior mesenteric artery
Inferior mesenteric artery
What part of the gut does the coeliac trunk supply
The foregut
Up to the halway point of the duodenum
What part of the gut does the superior mesenteric artery supply
The midgut
From halfway along the duodenum to 2/3 of the way along the transverse colon
What part of the gut does the inferior mesenteric artery supply
The hind gut
From 2/3 of the way across the transverse colon to the rectum
What are the three salivary glands
Parotid gland
Sublingual gland
Sub mandibular gland
Where is the hepatic flexure located
In the right hypochondriac region
Where is the splenic flexure located
In the left hypochondriac region
What type of pleura lines organs
Visceral
How can you remember visceral pleura lines organs
Organs are viscera
What type of pleura doesnt line the organs
Parietal
What type of pleura lines the ribcage
Parietal
What type of pleura lines the lungs
Visceral as the lungs are viscera (organs)
Recall the abdominal sandwich of layers
Skin Facia External oblique [[Rectus abdominis]] Internal obliques Transveralis Facia Peritoneum
Which way do the external obliques run
Medially
Which way do the internal obliques run
Laterally (away from the midline)
The rectus abdominis run from the X to the X
Xiphoid process to the pubic crest
What is the white fibrous line running up the centre of the anterior abdominal wall called
Linea albea
What can be said about the rectus abdominis at their superior border and at their inferior border
Broad at the superior
Focus down at the inferior
What are the abdominal muscles important for
Resp, coughing and sneezing
Mictriction (urination), defecation and childbirth
Lifting of heavy objects
Where would a surgeon cut during abdominal surgery
As close to the midline without cutting the midline
Why would a surgeon not cut down the midline
Linea alba is fibrous - poor blood supply so wouldnt heal very well
Why would a surgeon not cut to the side of the rectus abdominis
Would sever the nerve innervation of the rectus abdominis
Top right region of the abdomen
Right hypochondriac
Top left region of the abdomen
Left hypochondriac
Middle top region of the abdomen
Epigastric
Middle right region of the abdomen
Right lumbar
Middle left region of the abdomen
Left lumbar
Middle central region of the abdomen
Umbilical
Bottom right region of the abdomen
Right iliac fossa
Bottom left region of the abdomen
Left iliac fossa
Bottom middle region of the abdomen
Hypogastric region
What are the two vertical lines which divide the abdomen, from where do they originate
Mid clavicular
Originate 1/2 way along the clavical
What is the superior horizontal line that divides the abdomen
Trans-pyloric plane
What is the level of the transpyloric plane
L1
What is the level of the pylorus
L1
What is the inferior horizontal line that divides the abdoment
Trans-tuberucular plane
What is the level of the transtubercular plane
L5
Where does the diaphrgam meet the transpyloric line
The 9th costal cartilage
What is in the right hypochondrium
Small intesting Right kidney Gall bladder Liver Hepatic flexure (large intestine)
What is in the left hypochondrium
Pancreas Splenic flexure Left kidney Colon Spleen
What is the the epigastric region
Liver Stomach Adrenal glands Pancrease Duodenum
What is in the right lumbar region
Aascending colon
Gall bladder
Liver
What is in the umbilical region
Duodenum
Ileum
Jeejunum
Umbilicus
What is in the left lumbar region
Left kidney
Descending colon
What is in the right iliac fossa
Cecum
Appendix
What is in the left iliac fossa
Sigmoid colon
Descending colon
What is in the hypogastric region
Female repro organs
Sigmoid colon
Urinary bladder
Shape of the duodenum
C shaped
Which part of the SI is ulcer prone, why?
Duodenum
Blood supply
Are there pilcae circualris in the duodenum
Yes at the distal end
Are there pilcae circualris in the jeunum
Yes throughout
Are there pilcae circualris in the ileum
Yes at proximal end
Apart from the pilcae circualris what else can distinguis the jejunum
Rich blood supply so more pink apperance
What two things are found in the ileum
Merckels diverticulum
Payers patches
What are payers patches
Unencapsulated lymphoid nodules - that contain a large number of lymphocytes because lots of bacteria in the ileum
What is merckles diverticulum
Congenital (born at birth) 2% Left over of the umbilical chord
Ways in which large intestine can be distinguished from the small
Fatty tags - appendicies epiploica
Teneai coli - raised bands of the smooth muscle - causes the formation of Haustrations
What are the fatty tags called
Appendicies epploica
Where does the abdominal aorta start
At the abdominal hiatus
What level does the abdominal hiatus lie
T12
What level does the abdominal aorta start
T12
Where does the abdominal aorta end
L4 when it bifurcates
What does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into
Left and right iliac arteries
How many anterior branches of the aorta are there which supply the gut
3
What is the most superior anterior branch of the abdominal aorta
The celiac trunk
What is the middle anterior branch of the abdominal aorta
The superior mesenteric artery
What is the most inferior anterior branch of the abdominal aorta
the inferior mesenteric artery
Celiac trunk branches off at what level
Superior border of L1 // Inferior border of T12
Superior mesenteric artery branches off at what level
Inferior border of L1
Inferior mesenteric artery branches off at what level
Inferior border of L3
What does the celiac axis supply
The foregut - everything up until halfway along the duodenum
What does the superior mesenteric artery supply
The mid gut - from halfway along the duodenum to 2/3 of the way along the transverse colon
What does the inferior mesenteric artery supply
The hind gut - from 2/3 of the way along the transverse colon to the rectum
What accsssory organs does the celiac axis supply
Pancreas, spleen, liver and the gall bladder
3 branches of the celiac artery
Left gastric
Splenic
Common hepatic
What is the major duodenal papilla, what does it mark
Where the bile duct meets the duodenum, halfway along the duodenum
What are the four branches of the superior mesenteric artery
Jejunal illeal
Ileocolic
Right colic
Middle colic
What is significant about the jejunal illeal branch
Many branches here, branches form arcades and connect wit the surface of the tract through vasa recta
Where is the ileocolic branch
Most distal (last branch off)
Where is the right colic branch off the superior mesenteric
2nd branch off
Where is the middle collic branch
1st branch off
What are the vasa recta
Vessels that run straight to the surface of the intestine
3 branches of the inferior mesenteric artery
Left colic
Sigmoid
Superior rectal
Describe the peritoneum
A serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity and viscera
VISCERAL OR PARIETAL — lines the organs
Visceral
VISCERAL OR PARIETAL — lines the abdominal wall
Parietal
What is the space between the peritoneum
Pertitoneal cavity
The doubling up of the peritoneum form
Omenta
Peritoneum which attaches organs to the posterior wall is called
Mesentary
A retroperitoneal organ is
Behind the peritoneum
Only one surface is covered
At intraperitoneal organ is
Almost fully covered by visceral peritoneum
What is the lesser omentum
The peritoneum which joins the porta hepatis of the liver to the lesser cruvature of the stomach
What is the greater omentum
The peritoneum which joins the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon
Where is the lesser sac
Behind the stomach and the liver
Where is the greater sac
Most of the cavity from the diaphrgam all the way down to the pelvic cavity
Party down with AC/DC old records means what?
Pacrease Duodenum Asc. colon Des. colon Oesophagus Rectum
Are all retroperitoneal structures and have one surface covered - mostly lying behind the peritoneum
