Week 1 - Chest and Lungs Flashcards
How many ribs
12
True ribs
1-7
Why true ribs
Attach directly to the sternum
False ribs
8-10
Why false ribs
Attach to sternum via the costal cartilage
Floating ribs
11 and 12
Why floating ribs
Don’t articulate with the sternum
The first rib is
Fixed
Because the first rib is fixed what does this mean when the intercostal muscles contract
All will get pulled up except for the first rib
What is the order or arternies veins and nerve in the costal groove
Vein Arteries Nerves
Three parts of the sternum start superior
Maniburium
Body
Xiphoid processes
How would you orientate a rib
Look for costal groove, that is always on the inferior side
What is the hole in the middle of the vertebrae called
Vertebral canal
What is the bumpy bit at the back of the vertrbrae
Dorsal spineous process
What can be said about the xiphoid process in an adult
Usually ossified
Uppermost 10 pairs of ribs …
Articulate posteriorly with the vertebral column and articualte anteriorly with the sternum
What is the sternal angle
When the manubrium of the sternum meets the body
Describe the intercostal muscles from outer to inner
External
Inner
Innermost
Which part is responsible for bucket handle respiration
Thorax - movement of the ribs
Which part is repsonsible for pump handle respiration
Sternum
The thorax creates what movement druing respiration
Bucket handle
The sternum creates what movement during respiration
Pump handle
What is the notch at the top of the sternum called
Jugular notch
What are the two notches either side of the jugular notch called
Clavicular notch
Does the diaphragm go right the way back the the ventrbal column, why?
No,
Descending aorta runs behind
What nerves innervate the diaphragm
Phrenic (L and R)
Right lung has how many lobes
3 lobes
Left lung has how many lobes
2 lobes
Why does the left lung only have two lungs
Because heart on left side, less space
What is found in the middle mediastinum
Heart
At what thoracic level dividies the superior mediastinum from the rest
T4
What is significant about the t4/t5 level
Sternal angle
Many vessels - arch of the aorta
Splits superior mediastinum from inf
Biurification of the trachea
What is special about the first rib
Fixed doesn’t move
How can you tell external intercostals
Hands in pockets
Hand can you tell internal intercostals
Hands on tits
Describe when the external intercostals are used
Contract upon inhalation aiding the rising of the chest
Describe when the internal intercostals are used
Contract upon forced expiration to help depress the ribs
Describe the bucket handle movement of the thorax
Elevation of the ribs causes and increase in lateral diameter of the ribcage
Describe the pump handle movement of the sternum
Elevation of the ribs
Increase in antero-posterior diameter of thoracic cavity
Top part of the sternum
Maniburium
What may be found on the lateral surfaces of the body of the sternum
facets for rib articulation
What are the processes called on vertebrae either side of the spinous process
Transverse process
What is the name of the notch in ribs that carriers veins arteries and nerves
Costal groove
What is the point on ribs
Angle
What are the three levels of the diaphragm
AT BACK
MIDDLE
FRONT
T12
T8
T10
Is the curve of the diaphragm more inferior posteriorly or anteriorly
Anteriorly
The body of the sternum begins at which level
T4/5
What pleura lines the lungs
Visceral
Which pleura lines the chest wall
Parietal
How many lobes right lung
3
Names of the lobes of the right lung
Superior
Middle
Inferior
What fissue separates the superior and middle lobe
Horizontal
What fissue separates the middle and inferior
Oblique
How many lobes left lung
2
Names of left lung lobes
Superior
Inferior
What is the name of the fissue found on the left lung
Oblique
Behind the _______ lung there is a depression caused by the ___________
Left
Descending aorta
What is the hilum
Where the arteries veins and airways are
Which blood vessel lies more inferior. Pulm artery or vein
Pulmonary vein
At what level is the oblique fissure of the right lung
T2
At what level is the horizontal fissure of the right lung
Rib 4
The pulmonary vein is _________ to the pulmonary artery
Inferior
The pulmonary artery is ________ to the pulmonary vein
Superior
The chest is bound by the _________ laterally and the ________ internally
ribcage
Diaphragm
What pierces the diaphragm
Oesophagus and the inferior vena cava
The left phrenic nerve controls what side of the diaphragm
Right
What separates the diaphragm from the abdomen
Thoracic diaphragm
The way in which nerves innervate the chest wall can be described as
Segmental
Where does the vagus arise
Brainstem
Where does the vagus enter the chest
Close to the sides of the trachea and oesophagus
What is the function of the vagus
innervate the organs of the chest then penetrates the chest to supply the organs of the viscera
Where does the phrenic nerve arise
C 3 4 5
The phrenic nerve runs _________ to the vagus
Lateral
The vagus nerve runs ________ to the phrenic
Medial
The phrenic nerve passes infront of
The roots of each lung
What is the lingula
Shape of tounge on the left lung
