Week 2 - Heart and Great Vessels Flashcards
Surface markings of top left of heart
2nd costal cartilage
Surface marking of top right of heart
3rd costal cartilage
Surface marking of bottom right of heart
6th costal cartilage
Surface marking of bottom left of heart
5th intercostal space
The heart lies behind the _________ although _______ does protrude to the _________
Sternum
Apex
Left
The heart is attached to the diaphragm via the
Peicardium
The pericardium attaches the heart to
The diaphrgam
Can you palpate the apex of the heart
Yes, at the 5th intercostal space
What two strucutres of the heart are most obvious on an x-ray
Arch of the aorta
Apex
Other blood vessels are more easily seen on an
Angiogram
Describe the ascending aorta
Major trunck out of the left ventricle
Describe the arch of the aorta
Point where three branches come off
First branch of the arch of the aorta
Brachiocephalic artery
What does the brachiocephalic artery divide into
The right common carotid and the right sub clavian
Why the naming - sub clavian
Runs under the clavical (collar bone)
The right common carotid artery is a branch off the
Brachiocephalic artery
The right subclavian artery is a branch off the
Brachiocephalic artery
What is the second branch off the aorta
Left common carotid artery
What is the function of left common carotid artery
Supply brain, neck and face
What is the third branch off the aorta
Left subclavian artery
What is the function of the left subclavian artery
Supply the arm
The left subclavian artery is what branch off the aorta
3rd branch off the aorta
The brachiocephalic artery is what branch off the aorta
1st branch
The left common carotid artery is what branch off the aorta
2nd branch
Function of the right internal jugular vein
Combines with the right brachiocephalic vein to feed in into the inferior vena cava
What combines with the right brachiocephalic vein to feed into the IVC
Right internal jugular vein
Function of left internal jugular vein
Combines with the left bachiocephalic vein
The right atrium is pierced by _________
The vena cava
What do all of the coronary veins drain into
Coronary sinus
Coronary sinus drains into what chamber
Right atrium
What is a way in which the heart can be easily orientated
Vena cava enters the heart straight
Why is the left ventricle thicker walled
Has to do more work to pump blood aorund the systemic circulation
What is wall thickness directly proportional to
The work that must be done
What are the internally irregular muscle columns called
trabeculae carnae
The left atrium is more ___________ than the right so …
Posterior
Can’t be seen from the front
What forms the apex of the heart
Left ventricle
Which chamber is the thickest
Left ventricle
What chambers does the tricuspid valve separate
Right atrium and right ventricle
When does the tricuspid valve open
When pressure in the atria is greater than in the ventricles forcing the blood into the ventricles
What does the pulmonary valve separate
The right atrium from the pulmonary ciruclation
How many cusps in the tricuspid valve
3
What anchors the tricuspid valve to the wall
Chordae tendini
When does the pulmonary valve open
Opens when pressure in the right ventricle is higher than in the pulmonary vein
What does the mitral valve separate
The left atrium and left ventricle
When does the mitral valve open
When the pressure in the left atrium is higher than in the left ventricle
Mitral valve, how many leaflets
2
What does the aortic valve seperate
The left ventricle and the aorta
At what point in the cardiac cycle does the aortic valve open
Ventricular systole
Describe the cordae tendinae
Chord like tendons that connect papillary muscles o the tri and bi cuspid valves
Composition of the cordae tendinae
80% collagen
20% elastin
Describe the state of the cordae tendinae when the valves are open
Relaxed
Allow the opening
Describe what happens to the cordae tendinae when the ventricles contract
Prevent eversion by becoming tense
What is the fossa ovalis
Depression between the right and left atrium when first breath taken (pressure changes) and a fibrous sheath covers the foramen ovalis.
What is the function of the foramen ovalis
To bypass the pulmonary circulation
What structure allows the bypassing of the pulmonary circulation in utero
Foramen ovalis
When the foramen ovalis is closed it is called the
Fossa ovalis
What is the ligamentum arteriosum
Remnant of the ductus arteriosus
What is the ductus arteriosus
Duct between pulmonay artey and aorta to enable the pulmonary circulation to be bypassed
What is the ductus arteriosus called when it is closed
Ligamentum arteriosum
What does the left coronary artery split into
The anteriorinterventricular artery and the circumflex
What does the right coronary artery split into
The marginal artery and the posterior interventricular artery
Function of the interventricular artery
Supplies the anteriorlateral myocaridum, apex and interventricular septum
Is the interventricular artery important why?
Critical, supplies 50% of the left ventricle
Circumflex artery function
Supplies the posteiror lateral left ventricle and the SAN in 38% of people
What is the function of the marginal artery
Supplies all of the surfaces of the right ventricle
What is the function of the posterior interventricular artery
Supplies the posterior interventricular septum
What drains into the coronary sinus
Right and left coronary veins
The _____ is the natural pacemaker of the heart
SAN
Describe the AVN
Specialised tissue between the atria and ventircles BY ELECTRICALLY connecting the arteries and ventricles
