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BMS246 Anatomy > Week 2 - Heart and Great Vessels > Flashcards

Week 2 - Heart and Great Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

Surface markings of top left of heart

A

2nd costal cartilage

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2
Q

Surface marking of top right of heart

A

3rd costal cartilage

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3
Q

Surface marking of bottom right of heart

A

6th costal cartilage

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4
Q

Surface marking of bottom left of heart

A

5th intercostal space

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5
Q

The heart lies behind the _________ although _______ does protrude to the _________

A

Sternum
Apex
Left

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6
Q

The heart is attached to the diaphragm via the

A

Peicardium

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7
Q

The pericardium attaches the heart to

A

The diaphrgam

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8
Q

Can you palpate the apex of the heart

A

Yes, at the 5th intercostal space

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9
Q

What two strucutres of the heart are most obvious on an x-ray

A

Arch of the aorta

Apex

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10
Q

Other blood vessels are more easily seen on an

A

Angiogram

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11
Q

Describe the ascending aorta

A

Major trunck out of the left ventricle

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12
Q

Describe the arch of the aorta

A

Point where three branches come off

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13
Q

First branch of the arch of the aorta

A

Brachiocephalic artery

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14
Q

What does the brachiocephalic artery divide into

A

The right common carotid and the right sub clavian

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15
Q

Why the naming - sub clavian

A

Runs under the clavical (collar bone)

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16
Q

The right common carotid artery is a branch off the

A

Brachiocephalic artery

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17
Q

The right subclavian artery is a branch off the

A

Brachiocephalic artery

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18
Q

What is the second branch off the aorta

A

Left common carotid artery

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19
Q

What is the function of left common carotid artery

A

Supply brain, neck and face

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20
Q

What is the third branch off the aorta

A

Left subclavian artery

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21
Q

What is the function of the left subclavian artery

A

Supply the arm

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22
Q

The left subclavian artery is what branch off the aorta

A

3rd branch off the aorta

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23
Q

The brachiocephalic artery is what branch off the aorta

A

1st branch

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24
Q

The left common carotid artery is what branch off the aorta

A

2nd branch

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25
Q

Function of the right internal jugular vein

A

Combines with the right brachiocephalic vein to feed in into the inferior vena cava

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26
Q

What combines with the right brachiocephalic vein to feed into the IVC

A

Right internal jugular vein

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27
Q

Function of left internal jugular vein

A

Combines with the left bachiocephalic vein

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28
Q

The right atrium is pierced by _________

A

The vena cava

29
Q

What do all of the coronary veins drain into

A

Coronary sinus

30
Q

Coronary sinus drains into what chamber

A

Right atrium

31
Q

What is a way in which the heart can be easily orientated

A

Vena cava enters the heart straight

32
Q

Why is the left ventricle thicker walled

A

Has to do more work to pump blood aorund the systemic circulation

33
Q

What is wall thickness directly proportional to

A

The work that must be done

34
Q

What are the internally irregular muscle columns called

A

trabeculae carnae

35
Q

The left atrium is more ___________ than the right so …

A

Posterior

Can’t be seen from the front

36
Q

What forms the apex of the heart

A

Left ventricle

37
Q

Which chamber is the thickest

A

Left ventricle

38
Q

What chambers does the tricuspid valve separate

A

Right atrium and right ventricle

39
Q

When does the tricuspid valve open

A

When pressure in the atria is greater than in the ventricles forcing the blood into the ventricles

40
Q

What does the pulmonary valve separate

A

The right atrium from the pulmonary ciruclation

41
Q

How many cusps in the tricuspid valve

A

3

42
Q

What anchors the tricuspid valve to the wall

A

Chordae tendini

43
Q

When does the pulmonary valve open

A

Opens when pressure in the right ventricle is higher than in the pulmonary vein

44
Q

What does the mitral valve separate

A

The left atrium and left ventricle

45
Q

When does the mitral valve open

A

When the pressure in the left atrium is higher than in the left ventricle

46
Q

Mitral valve, how many leaflets

A

2

47
Q

What does the aortic valve seperate

A

The left ventricle and the aorta

48
Q

At what point in the cardiac cycle does the aortic valve open

A

Ventricular systole

49
Q

Describe the cordae tendinae

A

Chord like tendons that connect papillary muscles o the tri and bi cuspid valves

50
Q

Composition of the cordae tendinae

A

80% collagen

20% elastin

51
Q

Describe the state of the cordae tendinae when the valves are open

A

Relaxed

Allow the opening

52
Q

Describe what happens to the cordae tendinae when the ventricles contract

A

Prevent eversion by becoming tense

53
Q

What is the fossa ovalis

A

Depression between the right and left atrium when first breath taken (pressure changes) and a fibrous sheath covers the foramen ovalis.

54
Q

What is the function of the foramen ovalis

A

To bypass the pulmonary circulation

55
Q

What structure allows the bypassing of the pulmonary circulation in utero

A

Foramen ovalis

56
Q

When the foramen ovalis is closed it is called the

A

Fossa ovalis

57
Q

What is the ligamentum arteriosum

A

Remnant of the ductus arteriosus

58
Q

What is the ductus arteriosus

A

Duct between pulmonay artey and aorta to enable the pulmonary circulation to be bypassed

59
Q

What is the ductus arteriosus called when it is closed

A

Ligamentum arteriosum

60
Q

What does the left coronary artery split into

A

The anteriorinterventricular artery and the circumflex

61
Q

What does the right coronary artery split into

A

The marginal artery and the posterior interventricular artery

62
Q

Function of the interventricular artery

A

Supplies the anteriorlateral myocaridum, apex and interventricular septum

63
Q

Is the interventricular artery important why?

A

Critical, supplies 50% of the left ventricle

64
Q

Circumflex artery function

A

Supplies the posteiror lateral left ventricle and the SAN in 38% of people

65
Q

What is the function of the marginal artery

A

Supplies all of the surfaces of the right ventricle

66
Q

What is the function of the posterior interventricular artery

A

Supplies the posterior interventricular septum

67
Q

What drains into the coronary sinus

A

Right and left coronary veins

68
Q

The _____ is the natural pacemaker of the heart

A

SAN

69
Q

Describe the AVN

A

Specialised tissue between the atria and ventircles BY ELECTRICALLY connecting the arteries and ventricles

BMS246 Anatomy (7 decks)

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