WEEK 4: Study Guide Docs Flashcards
EXAM 1
What is a spinal segment?
What is a Vertebral segment?
Spinal Segment
31 pairs of spinal nerves - 8 C, 12 T, 5 L, 5 S, 1 Coccygeal with respective spinal root ganglia
Vertebral Segment
31 segments - 8 C, 12 T, 5 L, 5 S, 1 Coccygeal
What do ribs articulate with?
Rib number = same number of transverse process
Another name for costal faces & where are they found?
demifacets (half-facets), found on the thoracic vertebral
which vertebra has no body?
Atlas (centrum)
What causes Jefferson fracture?
Axial loading of the cervical part of vertebral column most commonly on atlas
Spina Bifida
common neural tube defects leads to incomplete development of the vertebral arch
Uncinate process
process on every superior surface on each cervical vertebrae.
PURPOSE - to keep it from dislocating
EOC
External occipital crest
-process that continues inferiorly from the EOP to the Foramen magnum
What structure does not border the IV foramen?
lamina
What lobe does the temporal lobe belong to?
temporal lobe
which vertebra does the vertebral artery pass through first bilaterally
C6 (C7 has a vein running through it)
Which rib can cause a thoracic outlet syndrome?
cervical rib
Which spinal condition is caused by a slippage?
spindololETHESIS
Sacral hiatus?
inferior aperture of the sacral canal
What do the 2 lamina fuse together to form?
spinous process
Where is the first IV foramen located between?
Axis & C3
Venous Plexus
an intricate NETWORK OF sinusoidal VEINS found in the cervical epidural space, consisting of longitudinal channels connected by retrocorporeal veins
What length of the spinal cord are the intervertebral disc?
1/4 spine length
Externa filum terminale is thicker bc external has all 3 meningeal maters covering but internae is
ONLY
Pia Matter
Where is spinal nerve compressed from lumbar fracture
intervertebral foramen
conus medullaris ending?
lowest extremity of spinal cord
L1-L2
tectorial membrane is a continuation of?
PPL
Primary cause of dDD facet syndrome
degenerative changes
What can’t be seen on neutral level
AAI Atlantoaxial instability
characterized by excessive movement at the junction between the atlas (C1) and axis (C2) as a result of either a bony or a ligamentous abnormality
TRUE or FALSE: Intervertebral disc are all the same size
True
What kind of joint is Symphysis
cartilaginous joint
What is syndesmosis?
A fibrous joint connected by ligaments
What covers facet joints?
ligamnetentum flavor
What is a unique feature of Z joints
Synovial fluid (meniscus) contain nociceptors
What does hyaline cartilage cover?
articular surface of the bodies of adjacent vertebrae, fibrocartilaeg in between
(disc)
What type of joints are Zygapophyseal joints
synovial joints
Where does nuchal ligament run through?
EOP - C7
Pain follows which pathway to the brain
(asending) Spinothallamic
What is reciprocal inhibition
when muscles alerted to contract antagonistic muscles relax
CNS sending agonist muscle to contract simultansiously sending message to pairing muscle that will inhibit tension relaxing the antagonist muscle
How many arteries?
1 anterior artery
2 posterior artery
How many veins of the spinal cord?
3 anterior and 3 posterior
Sesamoid bone
a small bone commonly found embedded within a muscle or tendon near joint surfaces
Sympathetic
epinephrine & norepinephrine (protection) [fight, flight, freeze] ● vasoconstriction
Parasympathetic
relax rest and digest ● Vasodilation
Vertebral Artery Parts
Part 1 – Subclavian artery (root of neck) to C6 o Part 2 – C6 to C1
Part 3 – C1 to occipital triangle
Part 4 – Skull & brain
Which vertebrae has the largest vertebral foreman
Atlas - no body but has anterior arch & posterior arch
Which vertebrae Dens, pivot and rotation. Strongest cervical vertebra
Axis
Hangman’s Fracture
Bilateral pedicle fractures of C2 (axis) Dens moves backwards
and crushes spinal cord
Diaphragm supplied by phrenic nerve (C3, 4, 5 keeps you alive) o Majority of patients who survive neurologically intact.
phrenic nerve function
controls diaphragm
Scotty Dog in lumbar spine neck of dog,
PARS Interarticularis
Spinal Stenosis
narrowing of spinal canal (compression of spinal nerve roots)
Spinal Bafida
(T12-S2) Failure of laminae to develop and fuse.
Spondylolysis
● Degeneration or deficient development of a portion of vertebra.
