WEEK 4: Study Guide Docs

Question 1

What is a spinal segment?
What is a Vertebral segment?

Answer 1

Spinal Segment
31 pairs of spinal nerves - 8 C, 12 T, 5 L, 5 S, 1 Coccygeal with respective spinal root ganglia
Vertebral Segment
31 segments - 8 C, 12 T, 5 L, 5 S, 1 Coccygeal

Question 2

What do ribs articulate with?

Answer 2

Rib number = same number of transverse process

Question 3

Another name for costal faces & where are they found?

Answer 3

demifacets (half-facets), found on the thoracic vertebral

Question 4

which vertebra has no body?

Answer 4

Atlas (centrum)

Question 5

What causes Jefferson fracture?

Answer 5

Axial loading of the cervical part of vertebral column most commonly on atlas

Question 6

Spina Bifida

Answer 6

common neural tube defects leads to incomplete development of the vertebral arch

Question 7

Uncinate process

Answer 7

process on every superior surface on each cervical vertebrae.
PURPOSE - to keep it from dislocating

Question 8

EOC

Answer 8

External occipital crest
-process that continues inferiorly from the EOP to the Foramen magnum

Question 9

What structure does not border the IV foramen?

Answer 9

lamina

Question 10

What lobe does the temporal lobe belong to?

Answer 10

temporal lobe

Question 11

which vertebra does the vertebral artery pass through first bilaterally

Answer 11

C6 (C7 has a vein running through it)

Question 12

Which rib can cause a thoracic outlet syndrome?

Answer 12

cervical rib

Question 13

Which spinal condition is caused by a slippage?

Answer 13

spindololETHESIS

Question 14

Sacral hiatus?

Answer 14

inferior aperture of the sacral canal

Question 15

What do the 2 lamina fuse together to form?

Answer 15

spinous process

Question 16

Where is the first IV foramen located between?

Answer 16

Axis & C3

Question 17

Venous Plexus

Answer 17

an intricate NETWORK OF sinusoidal VEINS found in the cervical epidural space, consisting of longitudinal channels connected by retrocorporeal veins

Question 18

What length of the spinal cord are the intervertebral disc?

Answer 18

1/4 spine length

Question 19

Externa filum terminale is thicker bc external has all 3 meningeal maters covering but internae is
ONLY

Answer 19

Pia Matter

Question 20

Where is spinal nerve compressed from lumbar fracture

Answer 20

intervertebral foramen

Question 21

conus medullaris ending?

Answer 21

lowest extremity of spinal cord
L1-L2

Question 22

tectorial membrane is a continuation of?

Answer 22

PPL

Question 23

Primary cause of dDD facet syndrome

Answer 23

degenerative changes

Question 24

What can’t be seen on neutral level

Answer 24

AAI Atlantoaxial instability
characterized by excessive movement at the junction between the atlas (C1) and axis (C2) as a result of either a bony or a ligamentous abnormality

Question 25

TRUE or FALSE: Intervertebral disc are all the same size

Answer 25

True

Question 26

What kind of joint is Symphysis

Answer 26

cartilaginous joint

Question 27

What is syndesmosis?

Answer 27

A fibrous joint connected by ligaments

Question 28

What covers facet joints?

Answer 28

ligamnetentum flavor

Question 29

What is a unique feature of Z joints

Answer 29

Synovial fluid (meniscus) contain nociceptors

Question 30

What does hyaline cartilage cover?

Answer 30

articular surface of the bodies of adjacent vertebrae, fibrocartilaeg in between
(disc)

Question 31

What type of joints are Zygapophyseal joints

Answer 31

synovial joints

Question 32

Where does nuchal ligament run through?

Answer 32

EOP - C7

Question 33

Pain follows which pathway to the brain

Answer 33

(asending) Spinothallamic

Question 34

What is reciprocal inhibition

Answer 34

when muscles alerted to contract antagonistic muscles relax

CNS sending agonist muscle to contract simultansiously sending message to pairing muscle that will inhibit tension relaxing the antagonist muscle

Question 35

How many arteries?

Answer 35

1 anterior artery
2 posterior artery

Question 36

How many veins of the spinal cord?

Answer 36

3 anterior and 3 posterior

Question 37

Sesamoid bone

Answer 37

a small bone commonly found embedded within a muscle or tendon near joint surfaces

Question 38

Sympathetic

Answer 38

epinephrine & norepinephrine (protection) [fight, flight, freeze] ● vasoconstriction

Question 39

Parasympathetic

Answer 39

relax rest and digest ● Vasodilation

Question 40

Vertebral Artery Parts

Answer 40

Part 1 – Subclavian artery (root of neck) to C6 o Part 2 – C6 to C1
Part 3 – C1 to occipital triangle
Part 4 – Skull & brain

Question 41

Which vertebrae has the largest vertebral foreman

Answer 41

Atlas - no body but has anterior arch & posterior arch

Question 42

Which vertebrae Dens, pivot and rotation. Strongest cervical vertebra

Answer 42

Axis

Question 43

Hangman’s Fracture

Answer 43

Bilateral pedicle fractures of C2 (axis) Dens moves backwards
and crushes spinal cord

Diaphragm supplied by phrenic nerve (C3, 4, 5 keeps you alive) o Majority of patients who survive neurologically intact.

Question 44

phrenic nerve function

Answer 44

controls diaphragm

Question 45

Scotty Dog in lumbar spine neck of dog,

Answer 45

PARS Interarticularis

Question 46

Spinal Stenosis

Answer 46

narrowing of spinal canal (compression of spinal nerve roots)

Question 47

Spinal Bafida

Answer 47

(T12-S2) Failure of laminae to develop and fuse.

Question 48

Spondylolysis

Answer 48

● Degeneration or deficient development of a portion of vertebra.