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Research 3202c > Week 4 Quantitative Research > Flashcards

Week 4 Quantitative Research Flashcards

1
Q

What is a research design?

A

To structure the research, show all of the major parts of research project, samples, measures, treatments/interventions to address research question

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2
Q

Key Research Design features

A
  1. Intervention
  2. Comparison
  3. Control over confounding variables
  4. Time frames
  5. Relative timing
  6. Location
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3
Q

What are the key dimensions of design?

A
  1. Experimental vs non experimental (Control)
  2. Cross sectional vs longitudinal (How often)
  3. Retrospective vs Prospective (When)
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4
Q

What are the types of experimental design?

A

RCT & Quasi to identify causal relationship

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5
Q

What are the types of non experimental design?

A

Descriptive, correlational & comparative

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6
Q

What are the characteristics of true experiments?

A
  1. Intervention
  2. Control
  3. Randomisation
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7
Q

What is a true experimental design?

A

RCT: the gold standard for testing causal relationship: pre-test post-test with randomisation

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8
Q

What is a quasi experimental design?

A

Non-equivalent pre-test post test design

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9
Q

What is randomisation in RCT?

A

Allocation of subjects to control/exp groups is done by chance, without the ability to predict who is in the group

Every subject has equal chance

Minimise selection bias

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10
Q

What are the different steps of randomisation?

A
  1. Participant recruitment
  2. Participant allocation
  3. Intervention administration
  4. Outcome assessment
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11
Q

What are the key characteristics of Quasi?

A
  1. Intervention
  2. Absence of randomisation
  3. Control (yes/no)
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12
Q

What are the strengths & weaknesses of Quasi?

A

Practical - not all participants would want to be randomised in clinical trials

Cause & effect rs is weakened
Absence of randomisation & control group

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13
Q

When is non experimental research used?

A

When RQ cannot be addressed by experimental/quasi with no control over IV

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14
Q

What are the key characteristics of non experimental?

A
  1. IV inherently cannot be manipulated
  2. Unethical to manipulate IV
  3. Research aims to investigate a natural phenomenon
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15
Q

What are the types of non experimental designs?

A
  1. Descriptive
  2. Descriptive correlational
  3. Comparative descriptive
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16
Q

Descriptive study in non experimental

A

To observe, describe & document a situation

17
Q

Descriptive correlational in non experimental

A

Examine relationship between variables
To describe & investigate without attempting to infer causal rs

18
Q

Comparative descriptive

A

Compare variables between 2 or more samples on 1 or more variables often at a single point of time

19
Q

What is a sample?

A

Representative of a subset of population

20
Q

What are the key considerations for study sample?

A
  1. Representativeness - extent that sample is similar to accessible population
  2. Sampling bias - systematic over or under representation of population
21
Q

Why probability sampling?

A

To reduce risk of bias & enhance internal & external validity

22
Q

What are the types of sampling bias?

A
  1. Non response bias
  2. Systematic bias
  3. Attrition bias
23
Q

What are the types of probability sampling designs?

A
  1. Simple random
  2. Stratified
  3. Systematic
24
Q

What is stratified sampling?

A

Process of selecting sample to identify subgroups in a population that are represented in the sample

25
Q

Adv + Disadv of stratified

A

Prevents possibility that some subgroups are under represented

Require more labour
Impossible if information is unavailable

26
Q

What is systematic sampling?

A

Process of selecting every nth case from pre existing list

27
Q

What are the types of non probability sampling?

A
  1. Convenience
  2. Consecutive
  3. Snowball
28
Q

What is consecutive sampling?

A

Recruit entire accessible population within defined period of time (set time frame, e.g 3 months then stop)

Research 3202c (9 decks)

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