Week 1 Research Problems, Questions, Hypotheses

Question 1

What is Research?

Answer 1

The systematic investigation into and study of materials to generate new knowledge and reach new conclusions

Question 2

What is Evidence-based practice?

Answer 2

The use of best evidence to inform clinical decision and practice

Question 3

What are the 8 steps of General Research Process?

Answer 3

1. Problem identification
2. Literature Review
3. Formulation of research aims, objectives, qns, hypothesis
4. Methodology development
5. Data collection
6. Data analysis
7. Report generation
8. Findings dissemination

Question 4

Problem Identification

Answer 4

1. Identify areas of interest
2. Develop & refine research problem
3. Generate problem statement
4. Formulate aims, objectives, questions, hypothesis

Question 5

What are the 3 things to consider when identifying area of interest?

Answer 5

1. Sources of research problem
2. Aspects of problem - 4 Ps
3. Considerations according to literature review & other existing information

Question 6

What are the 4 Ps in aspects of a problem?

Answer 6

People, Problem, Program, Phenomenon

Question 7

What are the considerations to take note of when identifying areas of interest?

Answer 7

Interest
Supported by literature? (how much has this topic been explored)
Significant
Novel
Timely (hot topic?)
Magnitude of problem
Feasibility (data availability, ethical issues)

Question 8

What is a problem statement?

Answer 8

Clear and concise explanation of issue/challenge that you are targeting to allow readers to quickly understand your intent

Question 9

What is included in a problem statement?

Answer 9

1. Background/context - what is the problem
2. Significance - knowledge gap
3. Solution

Question 10

What is the purpose of an aim?

Answer 10

Broad, general, more long term, overall purpose of research
1 aim can have multiple objectives

Question 11

What is the purpose of an objective?

Answer 11

Specific, focused, short term, measurable
Describe steps/actions to achieve aim

Question 12

What is the purpose of a research question?

Answer 12

Rephrase objectives to focus more on variables

Question 13

Research verbs to use in aims and objectives

Answer 13

Understand, apply, analyse, synthesise, evaluate

Question 14

What are the types of research questions?

Answer 14

Effectiveness of intervention/program
Accuracy of diagnosis/assessment
Etiology/causation
Prognosis/long term effects of condition
Meaning

Question 15

What does quantitative research question use?

Answer 15

PICO

Question 16

What does qualitative research question use?

Answer 16

PICo

Question 17

What does PICO stand for?

Answer 17

Population/problem
Intervention/exposure
Comparison
Outcome

Question 18

What does PICo stand for?

Answer 18

Population/problem
Interest
Context (setting)

Question 19

What is a research hypothesis?

Answer 19

Statement that predicts between 2 or more variables in a specific population
Provides testable, measurable explanation of a research question

Question 20

When is research hypothesis used?

Answer 20

Quantitative research desigsn

Question 21

What are the types of hypotheses?

Answer 21

Null & alternative research

Question 22

What are the types of errors in hypothesis testing?

Answer 22

Type 1 error: False positive
Type 2 error: False negative

Question 23

What is a research paradigm?

Answer 23

Set of common beliefs & agreements shared between scientists about how problems should be understood & addressed