week 4 musculoskeletal system Flashcards
What is a ligament
A dense band of connective tissue which connects bone to bone
What is a tendon
A semi rigid form of connective tissue which connects muscle to bone
What are the six functions of the skeletal system
Support
Protect
Movement
Mineral homeostasis
Blood cell production
Triglyceride (fat storage)
What are the two divisions of the adult skeleton?
Axial - supports the brain, spinal cord, thoracic and abdominal organs.
appendicular - all the bones of the upper and lower limbs and the supporting bones
What is the bone composed of
Crystalized mineral salts, collagen and water
What are the properties of the bone
Hardness
Rigidity
Flexibility
Strength
What are the different shapes of bones
Flat
Long
Sesamoid
Short
Irregular
What are examples of organic and inorganic materials in bones
Organic - collagen fibres
Inorganic - calcium, ions phosphates and carbonate
What is the diaphysis in the bone
Bone shaft contains the medullary cavity
What is the metaphysis of the bone
Joins the diaphysis and epiphysis. Contains the growth plate
What is the epiphysis
End of the bone, contains red bone marrow
What is the periosteum of the bone
Outside of the bone
What is the endosteoum of the bone
Outside of the bone, contains the medullary cavity
What are the different classes of bone cells
Osteoblasts - immature cells which build organic and inorganic materials.
Osteoclasts - break down bones
Osteocytes - mature osteoblasts
What is a joint
Articulation. Two or more bones meet to allow for movement
What are the 3 different types of joints
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial
What are the different types of muscle tissue
Smooth
Cardiac
Skeletal
What is essential for contraction of the muscle to occur
Calcium
Myosin - thick filaments
Acting - thin filaments
What is hypertrophy
Increased size of tissue due to large cell size
What is hyperplasia
Increase of tissue size due to increased number of cells
What is atrophy
Decreased size of cells due to decreased use muscle
What is the sarcomere
Basic contractile unit of muscle fibre consisting of myosin and actin.
