Week 1: Levels of organisation | Cells & tissues | Homeostasis

Question 1

What is the level of organisation in the human body from smallest to largest

Answer 1

chemical, cells, tissue, organ level, organ system and organism.

Question 2

Superior

Answer 2

Towards the head, or the upper part of structure

example: heart is superior to the liver

Question 3

Inferior

Answer 3

away from the head, or the lower part of the body

example: stomach is inferior to the lungs

Question 4

Anterior

Answer 4

Nearer to or at the front of the body

example: the sternum is anterior to the heart

Question 5

Posterior

Answer 5

Nearer or at the back of the body

example: the oesophagus is posterior to the trachea

Question 6

Medial

Answer 6

Closer to the midline of the body

example: the ulna is medial to the radius

Question 7

Proximal

Answer 7

Closer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk.

example: the humerus is proximal to the radius

Question 8

Distal

Answer 8

Further from the attachment of a limb to the trunk

example: the phalanges are distal to the wrist.

Question 9

Superfical

Answer 9

Towards or on the surface of the body

example: ribs are superficial to the lungs.

Question 10

Deep

Answer 10

Away from the surface of the body

example: ribs are deep to the skin of the chest and back.

Question 11

Lateral

Answer 11

Farther from the midline

example: lungs are lateral to the heart

Question 12

Midsagittal plane

Answer 12

vertical plane that divides the body down the midline.

Question 13

Transerve Plane

Answer 13

divides the body into superior and inferior portions.

Question 14

Frontal plane

Answer 14

divides the body into anterior and posterior (front & back) portions.

Question 15

Oblique plane

Answer 15

cuts through the body at an angle other than 90 degrees.

Question 16

Pleural cavity

Answer 16

fluid filled space which surrounds the lungs.

Question 17

Vertebral cacity

Answer 17

Conatins the spinal cord.

Question 18

Cranial cavity

Answer 18

Encases the brain and bones of the vertebral column.

Question 19

Pelvic cavity

Answer 19

contains urinary bladder, portions of the large intestine and internal organs of the reproductive system.

Question 20

Pericardial cavity

Answer 20

fluid filled space which surrounds the heart and the pleural cavities.

Question 21

Superior mediastinum

Answer 21

between the lungs extending from the sternum.

Question 22

Abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 22

extends from the diaphragm to the groin and is encircled by the abdominal muscular wall and the bones and muscles of the pelvis.

Question 23

Organelle

Answer 23

membrane inside of the cell which has specific structure and fuctions.

Question 24

Nucelus

Answer 24

controls and houses most the cells DNA.

Question 25

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

Answer 25

modifies and transport proteins

Question 26

Ribososmes

Answer 26

site of protein synthesis

Question 27

Mitochondria

Answer 27

Generates most of the cells ATP (energy).

Question 28

Plasma membrane

Answer 28

physical selectively permerable barrier which separates the intracellular fluid from the extracellular fluid.

Question 29

cytoplasm

Answer 29

cellular material between the plasma membrane and the nucelus.

Question 30

Phosolipid bilayer

Answer 30

contains hydrophilic phosphate heads (water loving) and hydrophobic lipid tails (water hating).

Question 31

Simple diffusion

Answer 31

the passive movement of solutes from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration via a semi-permeable membrane

Question 32

Facilitated Diffusion

Answer 32

the passive movement of solutes from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration via transport proteins.

Question 33

Osmosis

Answer 33

the net movement of water molecules from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration.

Question 34

What is Homeostasis

Answer 34

the body’s ability to maintain equilibrium in the internal environment with interaction of the body’s many regulatory processes.

Question 35

How does the body maintain homeostasis via the nervous system?

Answer 35

sends electrical messages known as nerve impulses to the organs which can act to cause a reaction.

Short rapid, targeted responses.

Question 36

How does the body maintain homeostasis via the endocrine system?

Answer 36

sends chemical messages known as hormones from the glands into the blood.

Slow widespread long responses.

Question 37

What is the difference between negative and positive feedback?

Answer 37

Negative feedback slows and stops as the controlled condition returns.

Whereas positive feedback continually reinforces a change in a controlled condition.

Question 38

Hypertonic solution

Answer 38

Lower concentration of solute inside the cell compared to outside of the cell

Question 39

Hypotonic solution

Answer 39

Higher concentration of solute inside the cell compared to the outside of the cell.

Question 40

Isotonic solution

Answer 40

The same concentration of solutes inside and outside of the cell.