Chemistry Lesson Week 1 Flashcards
What are the three elements of atoms
sub-atomic particles:
protons - positive and found in nucleus.
electrons - negative charge and found in shells or orbits.
equal ^
neutrons - no charge and found in nucleus.
What is an element
substance that is made of only one type of atom.
e.g. oxygen O2
What does the atomic mass tell you
total number of protons and neutrons
What does the atomic number tell you
number of protons
What is the outer most shell called in an atom
valence shell which contain valence electrons
How many electrons can the first shell hold
2 electrons
Are all atoms in an element the same
True
What is a similarity about protons and electrons?
They have the same number
What do elements form
compounds
What are ions
The leftover from the formation of an ionic bond
What is an ionic bond
The force of attraction of cations (positive) and anions (negative).
What are positively and negatively charged ions called?
Postive - cations
Negative - anions
What are the two types of compounds
organic - contains elements carbon and hydrogen.
e.g. lipid
inorganic - compounds not made by living things.
What is a molecule
two or more atoms joined together by chemical bonds
what is a compound
what are the single atoms (noble gases)
helium
neon
argon
What happens when an atom loose and gains an electron
Looses - it becomes positively charged (cations)
Gains - it becomes negatively charged (anions)
What is an ionic bond?
formed when one atom transfers electrons to another atom which forms charged particles.
What is a covalent bond?
when two atoms share a pair of valence electrons.
What is the respiration reaction?
Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water (+ Energy)
What are amino acids
what proteins are made from
What is an enzyme
proteins which cause a catalyst for biochemical reactions
What are some factors which affect enzymes
temperature.
high (permanent change and denature)
pH
What is an inhibitor
a substance which reduces or stops the activity of an enzyme by blocking the entrance site.
what is a substrate
reacting molecule that binds to the enzyme
What is an active site
the area where the molecule binds
what is a competitive enzyme
one which competes with the substrate for the active site.
What is a breakdown
the degeneration of a larger molecule into small parts
What is building up
The synthesis of smaller molecules into bigger ones
What is the product of Amylase
sugar
Acids have a pH lower than 7, the lower the number the ____ the acid?
stronger
What does the pH scale measure?
the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+)
What are the pH’s for acids on the scale?
1 to 6
What is the pH’s for Bases on the scale?
8 to 14
What is the ph/s of a neutral solution?
7
How do enzymes speed up chemical reactions
lowering the activation energy of the reaction
what are electrons, protons and neutrons called?
subatomic particles
buffer systems
lysosome
