Week 4: Mitosis Flashcards
An organism’s DNA, containing arrays of genes, is organized into structures called?
chromosomes
They serve as vehicles for transmitting genetic information.
Chromosomes
There are two major processes involved in the genetic continuity of nucleated cells?
mitosis and meiosis
This process leads to production of two cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.
Mitosis
This process reduces the genetic content and the number of chromosomes by half.
Meiosis
This reduction in the number of chromosomes during meiosis is important in the production of?
sex cells or gametes
True or false: Chromosomes are visible only during mitosis and meiosis.
True
When the cell is not undergoing division, the genetic material making up chromosomes unfolds and uncoils into diffuse network within the nucleus, generally referred to as?
chromatin
The chromosomes contains a constricted region called the ______, whose location establishes the general appearance of each chromosome.
centromere
True or false: Depending on the position of the centromere, different arm ratios are produced.
True
Classifications of chromosomes based on centromere location?
- metacentric
- submetacentric
- acrocentric
- telocentric
The short arm of the chromosome is called the _____, and the longer arm is called the _____.
p arm, q arm
Centromere at the middle is called?
Metacentric
Centromere between the middle and end is called?
Submetacentric
Centromere close to the end is called?
Acrocentric
Centromere at the end is called?
Telocentric
True or false: All somatic cells derived from members of the same species do not contain an identical number of chromosomes.
False. They contain an identical number of chromosomes.
All somatic cells derived from members of the same species contain an identical number of chromosomes, and this is referred to as?
diploid number (2n)
With the exception of sex chromosomes, chromosomes exist in pairs called?
homologous chromosomes
Chromosomes exist in pairs except?
sex chromosomes
True or false: The homologs do not exhibit the same length and centromere placement.
False. Homologs have the same length and centromere placement because the are homologous to one another.
Sex chromosome of males?
1 X, 1 Y chromosome
Sex chromosome of females?
2 homologous X chromosomes
Note that each chromosomes in the karyotype is clearly a double structure consisting of two parallel __________ connected by a common __________.
sister chromatids, centromere
True or false: The sister chromatids are replicas of one another and would separate into two new cells during cell division.
True
The __________ of chromosomes is equal to one-half of the diploid number.
haploid number (n)
The genetic information contained in a haploid set of chromosomes constitute the _______ of the species.
genome
Homologous chromosomes contain identical gene sites along their lengths. Each site is called a?
locus (pl. loci)
True or false: Homologous chromosomes are identical in the traits that they influence and in their genetic potential.
True