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CYTO > Week 3: Cells > Flashcards

Week 3: Cells Flashcards

1
Q

True or false: Cells are highly varied and highly organized structures.

A

True

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2
Q

True or false: The forms and functions of cells are independent on the genetic expression by each cell type.

A

False. Cells are dependent on the genetic expression.

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3
Q

2 types of cells?

A
  1. Somatic
  2. Gametic
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4
Q

These cells are also called body cells. They constitute the majority of cells in the body.

A

Somatic cells

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5
Q

Examples of somatic cells?

A

bone, blood, nerve and muscle cells

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6
Q

Number of chromosomes for somatic cells?

A

46 chromosomes (diploid) because they have 2 copies of the genome

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7
Q

Number of chromosomes for gametic cells?

A

23 chromosomes (haploid) because they only have 1 copy of the genome

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8
Q

Examples of gametic cells?

A

sperm and egg cells

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9
Q

Prokaryotes lack _____ as opposed to the cells of the eukaryotes.

A

nucleus

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10
Q

True or false: Specialized organelles are present in prokaryotic cells.

A

False. They are only present in eukaryotic cells.

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11
Q

Major groups of macromolecules in cells?

A

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids

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12
Q

Macromolecule that provides energy.

A

Carbohydrate

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13
Q

In prokaryotes, carbohydrate is found in the?

A

plasma membrane

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14
Q

In eukaryotes, carbohydrate is found in the?

A

mitochondria

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15
Q

Function of lipids?

A
  • form membranes and hormones
  • provide insulation
  • store energy
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16
Q

Functions of proteins in the body?

A
  • important in blood clotting
  • nerve transmission
  • muscle contraction
  • immunity
  • serve as catalysts
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17
Q

Most important in genetics are the nucleic acids?

A

DNA and RNA

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18
Q

All cells are surrounded by a _________, a covering that defines cell boundary.

A

plasma membrane

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19
Q

It actively controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell.

A

plasma membrane

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20
Q

They are threads of DNA when the cell is not dividing.

A

Chromatins

21
Q

The chromatins will condense which allows proteins to enter, producing?

A

Chromosomes

22
Q

The site of rRNA synthesis within the cell. It is present inside the nucleus.

A

Nucleolus

23
Q

The site of protein synthesis within the cell, guided by the information contained in the mRNA.

A

Ribosome

24
Q

These are paired complex structures located in a specialized region called centrosomes. They produce, organize, and assemble spindle fibers for mitosis and meiosis.

A

Centrioles

25
Q

Most animals have _____ or _____ which provides biochemical identity at the surface of cells.

A

glycocalyx or cell coat

26
Q

The _____ is a membrane bound structure that houses the DNA, which is complex with protein into thin fibers.

A

nucleus

27
Q

Chromatins are _____ and _____ during the nondivisional phases of the cell cycle.

A

uncoiled and dispersed

28
Q

During mitosis and meiosis, chromatin fibers coil and condense into?

A

Chromosomes

29
Q

In prokaryotes, the genetic material is compacted into an unenclosed region called the?

A

nucleoid

30
Q

True or false: The DNA in prokaryotes is not associated with proteins as is the case with eukaryotes.

A

True

31
Q

The remainder of the cell within the plasma membrane, excluding the nucleus, is called as the ________ and includes a variety of organelles.

A

cytoplasm

32
Q

The ___________ appears smooth in places where it serves as site for synthesis of fatty acids and phospholipids, and in other places, appears rough as it is studded with ribosomes.

A

endoplasmic reticulum

33
Q

The endoplasmic reticulum appears smooth in places where it serves as site for synthesis of _____________, and in other places, appears rough as it is studded with _________.

A

fatty acids and phospholipids; ribosomes

34
Q

The ________ provide energy by breaking down nutrients from food.

A

mitochondria

35
Q

The energy liberated from food is captured and stored in the bonds present in a molecule called?

A

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

36
Q

The organization of spindle fibers by the centrioles plays an important role in the __________ during cell division.

A

movement of chromosomes

37
Q

The _______ is a meshwork of protein rods and tubules that molds the distinctive structures of a cell, positioning organelles and providing three-dimensional shape.

A

cytoskeleton

38
Q

The cytoskeleton includes three major types of elements?

A

microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments

39
Q

The cytoskeleton is distinguished by?

A
  • protein type
  • diameter
  • how they aggregate into larger structures
40
Q

They are long and hollow and provide many cellular movements.

A

Microtubules

41
Q

Microtubules are composed of a pair of protein called?

A

tubulin

42
Q

Microtubules form the ____, which are hair-like structures.

A

cilia

43
Q

These are long, thin rods composed of many molecules.

A

Microfilaments

44
Q

Microfilaments are composed of many molecules of the protein _______.

A

actin

45
Q

Solid and narrower than microtubules, they enable cells to withstand stretching and compression. They also help anchor one cell to another.

A

Microfilaments

46
Q

They have diameters intermediate between those of microtubules and microfilaments.

A

Intermediate filaments

47
Q

Intermediate filaments are abundant in?

A

skin and nerve cells

48
Q

In actively dividing skin cells, it forms a strong inner framework that firmly attaches cells to each other and to the underlying tissue.

A

Intermediate filaments

CYTO (6 decks)

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