Week 4 lecture 1- TBI Flashcards
2 Causes of TBI
Direct impact
Acceleration/ deceleration
core symptom of TBI
LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS
PTA-Posttraumatic amnesia
Patient is confused , disoriented, not able to store new information in memory
Retrograde amnesia-RA
Memory loss from just before the TBI
GCS and type of TBI
Mild TBI:
GCS score 13-15
85-90% of all cases
Moderate TBI:
GCS score 9-12
5-10% of all cases
Severe TBI:
GCS score 3-8
5-10% of all cases
Types of TBI and favourable outcome
Mild: 85-90%
Moderate: 40%
Severe: 15%
Moderate and severe TBI abnormalities
Diffuse axonal injury
Contusions
prefrontal damage
factors determining recovery of TBI
Injury severity: Determines brain capacity to adapt to situation
-Severity of brain damage- Neurotrauma
-Prefrontal damage
Personal characteristics: Determine coping ie. capacity to deal with dramatic event
How to determine the extent of brain damage in TBI
-directly visible on neuroimaging
-indirectly: results in impaired neurocognitive functions
prefrontal cortex functions
EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex)
-Planning and regulation of complex goal-directed task behaviour
SOCIAL COGNITION (ventromedial/ orbitofrontal cortex)
-Regulation of social-emotional interpersonal behaviour
DRIVE (gyrus cinguli anterior)
-Initiative, motivation to act
cognitive impairments in mild tbi
Acute stage (1 month post trauma)
-Mild impairments in attention, mental speed, memory, planning
Subacute stage (till 6 months post trauma)
-Recovery in almost all patients
Long term
-Majority fully recovered
-sometimes slightly worse performance in tasks for complex info processing and encoding info, with intact basic mental speed and storage in memory
Complaints in mild TBI
Headache
Dizziness
Intolerance noise/light
Tinnitus
Sleeping problems
Fatigue
Mental slowness
Lack of concentration
Memory problems
Irritability
Emotional lability
