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NSB236 > Week 4: Infection Control > Flashcards

Week 4: Infection Control Flashcards

1
Q

What is a virus’s goal?

A

Replicate

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2
Q

What is an infection?

A

It is the invasion by pathogenic organisms that reproduce inside the body

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3
Q

What is colonisation?

A

It is the sustained presence of replicating infectious agents that do not cause an infection or an disease

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4
Q

What does HAI stand for?

A

Healthcare associated infection

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5
Q

What are healthcare-associated infections also called?

A

Nosocomial infection

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6
Q

what does iatrogenic mean?

A

Something that is caused by the health care institution

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7
Q

What are the parts of the part of infection?

A

Infectious agent, reservoir, the portal of exit, means of transmission, the portal of entry and a susceptible host

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8
Q

What is the portal of exit?

A

It is how the infectious agent leaves the body (Cough out of mouth)

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9
Q

What are the means of transmission?

A

It is how the infectious agent travels e.g breathing in a cough

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10
Q

What is the portal of entry?

A

It is how the infectious agent enters the person such as a cut in skin or eating contaminated food

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11
Q

What is a susceptible host?

A

Some who has a lowered immune response or an infectious agent you haven’t come into contact with before

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12
Q

What is a reservoir of infection?

A

It is somewhere the infectious agent can live which is outside the person such as equipment, clothing, linen, pens

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13
Q

What are standard precautions?

A

It is the minimum infection prevention and control practises that MUST be used at all times for all patients

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14
Q

What are some examples of standard precautions?

A

Hand hygiene, PPE, safe use and disposal of sharps, environmental cleaning, cough etiquette, aseptic technique,

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15
Q

What is the order of donning?

A

Hand hygiene, gown, mask, eyewear, hand hygiene, gloves

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16
Q

What is the order of doffing?

A

Gloves, apron, hands, eyewear, hands, mask, hands

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17
Q

What is a key site?

A

It is the area in the patient where there is the possibility for an infection to enter or where the medical procedure is happening

18
Q

What is a key part?

A

equipment at risk of infectious agent

19
Q

What is sequencing?

A

It is the order in which you do things to maintain aseptic technique and infection control

20
Q

When are contact precautions used??

A

When there is a risk of transmission by direct or indirect contact

21
Q

When are droplet precautions used?

A

When there is a risk of transmission by respiratory droplets

22
Q

When are airborne precautions used?

A

When there is a risk of transmission by infectious agents by the airborne route

23
Q

What is the difference between airborne and droplet precautions?

A

Airborne travels in the air and can travel very far whereas droplet is caught in closer contact and breathe in the droplets

24
Q

What is antimicrobial resistance?

A

It is where people are resistant to antibiotics

25
Q

How do we stop bugs?

A

PPE, hand washing, standard precautions, medications, break the change of infection

26
Q

What is the difference between bacteria and viral infections?

A

bacteria are free-living cells that can live inside or outside a body, while viruses are a non-living collection of molecules that need a host to survive

27
Q

What are the signs of infection?

A

Fever, redness, swelling, pain and loss of function

28
Q

Why do we get warm when we have a bacterial infection?

A

Because bacterial infections reproduce slowly at a higher temperature

29
Q

What is affected when people get too hot?

A

The brain

30
Q

What is pus?

A

It is dead white blood cells that the body has used to fight infection

31
Q

How do we confirm a viral infection?

A

RAT test (Rapid antigen testing), Spetum sample, urine sample,

32
Q

What is an antigen?

A

It is the thing in the virus that causes the body to procedures antibodies

33
Q

What does PCR stand for?

A

Polymerase chain reaction

34
Q

What is an infection?

A

Growth of a pathological organ inside the body

35
Q

What does SIRS stand for?

A

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome

36
Q

What is Systemic inflammatory response syndrome?

A

Inflammation in the whole body

37
Q

What is sepsis?

A

It is an infection and SIRS combined

38
Q

What is severe sepsis?

A

Sepsis with organ dysfunction

39
Q

What is septic shock?

A

Ongoing sepsis that does not respond to fluid or vasodilators

40
Q

What is the criteria for SIRS?

A

Body temperature over 38 or under 36 degrees Celsius. Heart rate greater than 90 beats/minute. Respiratory rate greater than 20 breaths/minute or partial pressure of CO2 less than 32 mmHg

41
Q

What factors affect how well antibiotics work?

A

How promptly they are administered, if the course is completed, taking them at the right times,

NSB236 (5 decks)

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