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NSB236 > Week 0: Perioperative > Flashcards

Week 0: Perioperative Flashcards

1
Q

What are the six classifications of surgical procedures?

A

Emergency, urgent, diagnostic, elective, palliative and cosmetic

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2
Q

What is emergency surgery?

A

Needed immediate intervention

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3
Q

What is urgent surgery?

A

Surgery that is needed within 24-48 hours, if not is it life-threatening

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4
Q

What is diagnostic surgery?

A

Surgery needed to determine the origin or cause

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5
Q

What is elective surgery?

A

Surgery for non-acute problem

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6
Q

What is palliative surgery?

A

Used to relieve symptoms of disease but does not cure

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7
Q

What is cosmetic surgery?

A

Used to change appearances

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8
Q

What are the three stages of perioperative nursing care?

A

Pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative.

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9
Q

What is PACU?

A

Post-anaesthetic care unit

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10
Q

What are risk factors for surgery?

A

Age, smoking, alcohol, nutritional status, obesity, regular medications

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11
Q

what is the pre-operative stage?

A

It starts with following the patient’s decision to go ahead with surgery and ends when they go into surgery

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12
Q

What is the purpose of pre-operative nursing care?

A

Prevent respiratory complications, VTE, and wound infection. Manage the patient’s pain and expectations. Discharge planning and ensure you have the right patient.

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13
Q

What are some patient assessments for peri-operative nursing?

A

Health history, head-to-toe assessments, vital signs, BGL, GCS, urinalysis, Medications, past medical history, allergies, focused assessment on the day of surgery, ultra sound, MRI, chest X-ray, ECG, pulmonary function tests, and marking of site and limbs

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14
Q

What are some diagnostic assessments and screen tests used in peri-op nursing?

A

FBC includes Hb, WBC, Blood type and cross match, electrolytes, blood glucose, liver function, renal function, partial blood gas, urinalysis and INR

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15
Q

What are prothrombin and INR?

A

It is the rate at which blood clots

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16
Q

What does INR stand for?

A

international normalized ratio

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17
Q

What does an arterial blood gas used for?

A

Looked at how much oxygen is in the blood

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18
Q

What are some other pre-operative priorities?

A

Informed consent, shower, shave, gown, cap, removed teeth, jewellery, contact lens and education

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19
Q

What is some patient education for pre-op?

A

Deep breathing exercises, use stockings, remain NBM, coughing exercises

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20
Q

What are some nursing priorities of care?

A

Alleviate anxiety, patient advocacy, Safe environment, protect pt from harm, monitoring, infection control and documentation

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21
Q

What are potential complications of surgery?

A

Hypoventilation, cardiac dysrhythmias, hypotension, hypothermia, oral trauma, peripheral nerve damage, pressure injury

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22
Q

What contributes to hypothermia?

A

Ambient temp for infection control, use of fluids at room temp, not enough clothes, patient not moving, long procedure

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23
Q

How to prevent hypothermia?

A

Control room temperature, warm blankets, warm the fluids, monitor the patient body temperature and minimise exposure time

24
Q

When does the post-operative phase start?

A

When the patient is in PACU

25
Q

What is PACU?

A

Post Anesthesia care unit

26
Q

What is involved in a PACU assessment?

A

Handover, Primary Survey (ABCDE), Secondary survey (Head to toe), focus body systems assessment, assess for complications, start post-operative cares

27
Q

What are post-operative cares?

A

Deep breathing, coughing exercises, positioning and repositioning, mobilisation of pulmonary secretions, pain management

28
Q

What does GCS stand for?

A

Glasgow Coma Scale

29
Q

What does a nurse navigator do?

A

They stay with the patient throughout their whole surgical journey

30
Q

What are the risk factors for surgery?

A

Age, smoking, alcohol, overweight, other diseases and comorbidities and interactions with current regular medications

31
Q

What is an important part of pre-op surgery education?

A

Ted stockings, SKUDS, foot movements, How to cough with a pillow, patient identification methods, how to prevent wound infections (hygiene), discharge planning

31
Q

What should patients be told about pre-surgery?

A

Ted stockings, SKUDS, foot movements, How to cough with a pillow, patient identification methods, how to prevent wound infections (hygiene), discharge planning

32
Q

What does it mean is INR is too high?

A

That the blood is too thin and there is a risk of bleeding

33
Q

What does it mean if the INR is too low?

A

The blood is thick

34
Q

How to prevent thromboembolisms?

A

Teds, SCDS, ROM exercises, education, raise legs

35
Q

How to prevent chest infections?

A

Deep breathing exercises 5-10 times an hour, coughing/hack exercises every 2 hours,

36
Q

What are some intra-operative priorities of care?

A

Alleviate anxiety, advocate for the patient, a safe environment, protect the patient from injury or harm, monitor, infection control and documentation

37
Q

What does the suffix -ectomy mean?

A

Removal

38
Q

What does the suffix -lysis mean?

A

Destruction of

39
Q

What does the suffix -orrhaphy mean?

A

Repair

40
Q

What does the suffix oscopy mean?

A

Looking into

41
Q

What does the suffix -ostomy mean?

A

Creating of opening into

42
Q

What does the suffix -otomy mean?

A

Cutting into or incision

43
Q

What does the suffix -plasty mean?

A

Repair or reconstruction

44
Q

What is a positive psychological factor that can help patients during surgery?

A

Hope

45
Q

What is general anesthesia?

A

Puts the patient to sleep

46
Q

What is regional anesthesia?

A

It is a nerve block

47
Q

What is local anaesthesia?

A

Only the local area

48
Q

Can people under spontaneous ventilation general anaesthesia breathe on their own?

A

Yes

49
Q

Can people under relaxant general anaesthesia breathe on their own?

A

No they need an endotracheal tube

50
Q

What is a CABG?

A

Coronary artery bypass graft

51
Q

What does ABCDE stand for?

A

Airways, breathing, circulation, drips, drains, dressings, everything else

52
Q

What are some interventions for tongue falling back?

A

Artificial airway, head tilt

53
Q

What intervention for retained thick secretions?

A

Suctioning, deep breathing, coughing, IV hydration and chest physiotherapy

54
Q

What is pulmonary oedema?

A

It is fluid overload caused by the accumulation of fluid in the alveoli

55
Q

How to treat DVT?

A

Anticoagulant medication, stockings, SCDS, surgical clot removal

56
Q

How to treat PE?

A

thrombolytics, blood thinners, compression stockings

NSB236 (5 decks)

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