Week 0: Perioperative

Question 1

What are the six classifications of surgical procedures?

Answer 1

Emergency, urgent, diagnostic, elective, palliative and cosmetic

Question 2

What is emergency surgery?

Answer 2

Needed immediate intervention

Question 3

What is urgent surgery?

Answer 3

Surgery that is needed within 24-48 hours, if not is it life-threatening

Question 4

What is diagnostic surgery?

Answer 4

Surgery needed to determine the origin or cause

Question 5

What is elective surgery?

Answer 5

Surgery for non-acute problem

Question 6

What is palliative surgery?

Answer 6

Used to relieve symptoms of disease but does not cure

Question 7

What is cosmetic surgery?

Answer 7

Used to change appearances

Question 8

What are the three stages of perioperative nursing care?

Answer 8

Pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative.

Question 9

What is PACU?

Answer 9

Post-anaesthetic care unit

Question 10

What are risk factors for surgery?

Answer 10

Age, smoking, alcohol, nutritional status, obesity, regular medications

Question 11

what is the pre-operative stage?

Answer 11

It starts with following the patient’s decision to go ahead with surgery and ends when they go into surgery

Question 12

What is the purpose of pre-operative nursing care?

Answer 12

Prevent respiratory complications, VTE, and wound infection. Manage the patient’s pain and expectations. Discharge planning and ensure you have the right patient.

Question 13

What are some patient assessments for peri-operative nursing?

Answer 13

Health history, head-to-toe assessments, vital signs, BGL, GCS, urinalysis, Medications, past medical history, allergies, focused assessment on the day of surgery, ultra sound, MRI, chest X-ray, ECG, pulmonary function tests, and marking of site and limbs

Question 14

What are some diagnostic assessments and screen tests used in peri-op nursing?

Answer 14

FBC includes Hb, WBC, Blood type and cross match, electrolytes, blood glucose, liver function, renal function, partial blood gas, urinalysis and INR

Question 15

What are prothrombin and INR?

Answer 15

It is the rate at which blood clots

Question 16

What does INR stand for?

Answer 16

international normalized ratio

Question 17

What does an arterial blood gas used for?

Answer 17

Looked at how much oxygen is in the blood

Question 18

What are some other pre-operative priorities?

Answer 18

Informed consent, shower, shave, gown, cap, removed teeth, jewellery, contact lens and education

Question 19

What is some patient education for pre-op?

Answer 19

Deep breathing exercises, use stockings, remain NBM, coughing exercises

Question 20

What are some nursing priorities of care?

Answer 20

Alleviate anxiety, patient advocacy, Safe environment, protect pt from harm, monitoring, infection control and documentation

Question 21

What are potential complications of surgery?

Answer 21

Hypoventilation, cardiac dysrhythmias, hypotension, hypothermia, oral trauma, peripheral nerve damage, pressure injury

Question 22

What contributes to hypothermia?

Answer 22

Ambient temp for infection control, use of fluids at room temp, not enough clothes, patient not moving, long procedure

Question 23

How to prevent hypothermia?

Answer 23

Control room temperature, warm blankets, warm the fluids, monitor the patient body temperature and minimise exposure time

Question 24

When does the post-operative phase start?

Answer 24

When the patient is in PACU

Question 25

What is PACU?

Answer 25

Post Anesthesia care unit

Question 26

What is involved in a PACU assessment?

Answer 26

Handover, Primary Survey (ABCDE), Secondary survey (Head to toe), focus body systems assessment, assess for complications, start post-operative cares

Question 27

What are post-operative cares?

Answer 27

Deep breathing, coughing exercises, positioning and repositioning, mobilisation of pulmonary secretions, pain management

Question 28

What does GCS stand for?

Answer 28

Glasgow Coma Scale

Question 29

What does a nurse navigator do?

Answer 29

They stay with the patient throughout their whole surgical journey

Question 30

What are the risk factors for surgery?

Answer 30

Age, smoking, alcohol, overweight, other diseases and comorbidities and interactions with current regular medications

Question 31

What is an important part of pre-op surgery education?

Answer 31

Ted stockings, SKUDS, foot movements, How to cough with a pillow, patient identification methods, how to prevent wound infections (hygiene), discharge planning

Question 31

What should patients be told about pre-surgery?

Answer 31

Ted stockings, SKUDS, foot movements, How to cough with a pillow, patient identification methods, how to prevent wound infections (hygiene), discharge planning

Question 32

What does it mean is INR is too high?

Answer 32

That the blood is too thin and there is a risk of bleeding

Question 33

What does it mean if the INR is too low?

Answer 33

The blood is thick

Question 34

How to prevent thromboembolisms?

Answer 34

Teds, SCDS, ROM exercises, education, raise legs

Question 35

How to prevent chest infections?

Answer 35

Deep breathing exercises 5-10 times an hour, coughing/hack exercises every 2 hours,

Question 36

What are some intra-operative priorities of care?

Answer 36

Alleviate anxiety, advocate for the patient, a safe environment, protect the patient from injury or harm, monitor, infection control and documentation

Question 37

What does the suffix -ectomy mean?

Answer 37

Removal

Question 38

What does the suffix -lysis mean?

Answer 38

Destruction of

Question 39

What does the suffix -orrhaphy mean?

Answer 39

Repair

Question 40

What does the suffix oscopy mean?

Answer 40

Looking into

Question 41

What does the suffix -ostomy mean?

Answer 41

Creating of opening into

Question 42

What does the suffix -otomy mean?

Answer 42

Cutting into or incision

Question 43

What does the suffix -plasty mean?

Answer 43

Repair or reconstruction

Question 44

What is a positive psychological factor that can help patients during surgery?

Answer 44

Hope

Question 45

What is general anesthesia?

Answer 45

Puts the patient to sleep

Question 46

What is regional anesthesia?

Answer 46

It is a nerve block

Question 47

What is local anaesthesia?

Answer 47

Only the local area

Question 48

Can people under spontaneous ventilation general anaesthesia breathe on their own?

Answer 48

Yes

Question 49

Can people under relaxant general anaesthesia breathe on their own?

Answer 49

No they need an endotracheal tube

Question 50

What is a CABG?

Answer 50

Coronary artery bypass graft

Question 51

What does ABCDE stand for?

Answer 51

Airways, breathing, circulation, drips, drains, dressings, everything else

Question 52

What are some interventions for tongue falling back?

Answer 52

Artificial airway, head tilt

Question 53

What intervention for retained thick secretions?

Answer 53

Suctioning, deep breathing, coughing, IV hydration and chest physiotherapy

Question 54

What is pulmonary oedema?

Answer 54

It is fluid overload caused by the accumulation of fluid in the alveoli

Question 55

How to treat DVT?

Answer 55

Anticoagulant medication, stockings, SCDS, surgical clot removal

Question 56

How to treat PE?

Answer 56

thrombolytics, blood thinners, compression stockings