week 4 digestive system Flashcards
This gland breaks down carbs and hormones…
Submandibular gland
The mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small & large intestine are all part of ___________ _________ or _________ _________
Gastrointestinal tract or alimentary canal
Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder & pancreas are all part of the _______ ___________ ____________
accesory digestive organs
The Duodenum is the 1st part of the _______ __________
Small intestine
This serves for thermal regulation of the organs and as a shock absorber for the abdomen
Fatty apron
True or false - Carbohydrates are the fastest and easiest thing for your body to absorb.
True
The mucosa is a mucous membrane of the GI tract is composed of: 1. ________, 2__________ & 3.____________
Epithelium (deep), Lamina propia (middle) & muscularis mucosae (superficial)
A meshwork of collagenous fibers, nerves & blood vessels, the _________ regulates movements of mucosa, vasoconstriction of blood vessels & secretory cells.
Submucosa
Consisting of an inner sheet of circular fibers and outer sheet of longitudinal fibers, this myenteric plexus controls movement of food…
Muscularis
The superficial layer of the GI tract composed of areolar connective tissue & epithelium also known as visceral peritoneum is also called…
Serosa
Parietal peritonum which then covers and protects the individually wrapped visceral peritonum is compared to a ______ _________ _____
large ziploc bag
The deepest layer and internal substance of the Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue of GI tract is also known as the ________
Lumen
The fatty apron of the peritoneum is also known as the _________ __________
Greater omentum
With lesser curvature and smaller than the greater omentum, also part of the 5 major peritonal folds, this is known as the _______ ____________
lesser omentum
These two parts of the 5 major peritoneal folds are known for filling in gaps of the digestive system…
Mesocolon & Mesentery
Another word for fluid in the abdomen (peritonitis) or fluncal obesity
asitism
True or False - the Falciform ligament is part of the 5 major peritoneal folds.
True
This part of the peritoneal folds adheres to the left lobe of the liver…
Falciform ligament
The labial frenulum connects ____________ to ___________
mouth to gums
This muscle is responsible for helping with chewing
Buccinator
This muscle is responsible for biting strength and is known as one of the strongest muscles in the body…
masseter
The parotid(Stenson’s) glands, submandibular(Wharton’s) glands and sublingual(Rivinus) glands are 3 pairs of…..
Major salivary glands
Which glands do the mumps affect?
Parotid (stensen’s)
True or False - Sympathetic innervation has most influence on saliva
False - of the two, the parasympathetic has most influence
Salivary amylase plays a minor role in the breakdown of…
starch in the mouth
Fats get broke down in the
Small Intestine
This is known as an accessory digestive organ composed of skeletal muscle with mucous membrane. It has extrinsic, intrinsic muscles and lingual frenulum.
The Tongue
Papillae, fungiform, vallate, foliate & filiform papillae are all receptors of ______________
Gustation (Taste buds)
This extends from the internal nares to the esophagus posteriorly and the larynx anteriorly. It’s composed of skeletal muscle & lined by mucous membrane.
The Pharynx
Deglutition is a mechanism that…
moves food from mouth to stomach
Name the three parts of the pharynx
nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx
Which two parts make up the esophagus
Upper esophageal sphincter & lower esophageal sphincter
The elevation of the ___________ causes the sphincter to relax,allowing the bolus to enter esophagus.
larynx
This serves as lubrication for bolus (large dose of food) and reduces friction
mucus
Which of the two esophageal sphincters connect the esophagus to the stomach?
Lower esophageal sphincter (gastroesophageal or cardiac)
What is the #1 type of esophageal disease?
heart burn - can lead to cancer
This is known as a J-shaped enlargement of the GI tract…
The Stomach
The stomach connects the __________ to the ___________ known as the pylorus (antrum & canal)
esophagus to duodenum
The stomach functions as a mixing area and ________ ____________
holding reservoir
The cardia, fundus, body and pylorus are 4 main regions of the _______
stomach
Gastric pits in the stomach create _____________ _______ to help break down food
Hydrochloric acid
The rugae of mucosa has ________
wrinkles
Rugae of mucosa without wrinkles are known as _______ _______
gastric ulcers
Gastric glands contain 3 types of exocrine gland cells: ________ neck cells _______ cells & _________ cells which increase acidic environment
mucous neck cells, chief cells & parietal cells
The outer longitudinal layer, middle circular layer and inner oblique layer make up the ________ of the stomach
Muscularis
The simple squamous epithelium, visceral peritoneum & areolar connective tissue compose the ______ of the stomach
Serosa
What enzyme breaks down fats?
lipase
As part of digestion, what is the protein-digesting enzyme?
pepsin
Mixing saliva, food and gastric juices by muscular waves in the stomach produces what thick liquid?
chyme
What 2 enzymes are involved in digestion break down fats?
gastric lipase
pancreatic lipase
What is the clinical connection associated to digestion?
vomiting
What is the term for inflammation of the pancreas?
pancreatitus
What is the next stage of pancreatitus?
pancreatic cancer
What are the 3 major anatomy of the pancreas?
head,
body,
tail
What organ serves all macronutrients?
pancreas
What organ regulates blood glucose levels?
pancreas
What are the 4 different types of pancreatic cells?
1) alpha cells - produce glucagon
2) beta cells - produce insulin
3) delta cells - secrete somatostatin
4) PP cells - secrete pancreatic polypeptide.
What are the principle triglyceride digesting enzyme in adults?
1) pancreatic lipase
2) nucleic acid-digesting enzymes (ribonuclease and deoxyribonuclease)
Enzymes that digest protein in the pancreas:
1) trypsin
2) chymotrypsin
3) carboxypeptidase
An enzyme secreted by the pancreas that digests starch.
pancreatic amylase
What substance is secreted by the pancreas that contains digestive enzymes that assist the absorption of nutrients?
pancreatic juice
What cells produce and secrete hormones that underlie the endocrine function of the pancreas?
pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans)
T/F liver has only one lobe
F - liver is divided into two lobes
What ligament attaches the liver to the anterior body wall?
Falciform ligament
What ligament attaches the liver posteriorly and is round?
Ligamentum teres (also called round ligaments of the liver)
What ligament attaches the liver to the inferior surface of the diaphragm?
Coronary ligament
What are the 3 sections of the gallbladder?
fundus, body, neck
What is the clinical connection of the liver/gallbladder?
hepatitis
In the liver, ______ (also known as parenchymal cells) secrete bile that is collected in a thin tube called ________
Hepatocytes, Bile canaliculi
The bile canaliculi merge and form _______, which eventually become ________.
bile ductules, common hepatic ducts
The _________ is the short duct that joins the gallbladder to the ________.
cystic duct, Common bile duct
_____ serves as a location for the oxygen-rich blood from the hepatic artery and the nutrient-rich blood from the portal vein.
Hepatic sinusoids blood capillaries
Hepatocytes, bile duct system and hepatic
sinusoids can be organized into anatomical and functional units in three different ways:
- hepatic lobule
- portal lobule
- hepatic acinus
Distinctive arrangement in the liver. Consists of 5 structures: proper hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein, common bile duct, lymphatic vessels, branch of the vagus nerve
portal triad
What are the 5 F’s of gallbladder disease?
1) Female
2) Fat
3) Fertile
4) Forty
5) Fair
Functions of the liver:
1) Emulsification, 2) Absorption, 3) Hepatopancreatic ampulla, 4) Carbohydrate metabolism, 5) Lipid metabolism, 6) Protein metabolism, 7) Processing of drugs and hormones, 8) Excretion of bilirubin, 9) Synthesis of bile salts, 10)Storage, 11)Phagocytosis, 12)Activation of vitamin D, 13)Clinical connection: gallstones
What are the 3 regions of the small intestines?
1) Duodenum (first part)
2) Jejunum (middle)
3) Ileum (last part)
Has an hour glass shape where the small intestines meets the large intestines then down to the appendix.
Ileocecal sphincter
Ileocecal valve is also looked at for breeched babies. (T/F)
T
