Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ADN002 MED SURG > Week 4 Diabetes Management > Flashcards

Week 4 Diabetes Management Flashcards

1
Q

Bile duct and pancreatic duct combine to form the

A

Common Bile Duct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Opening into the duodenum is the

A

Ampula of Vater

Sphincter is called the Sphincter of Odi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Gallstone within the gallbladder

A

Cholelithiasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Gallstone within the duct

A

Choledolithiasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Alpha Cells

A

20 % secrete glucagon

Hormone formed in the pancreas that promotes the breakdown of glycogen in the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Beta Cells

A

75% secrete insulin

Hormone produced in the pancreas by the islets of Langerhans that regulate the amount of glucose in the blood.

Moves glucose to cells, stores as glycogen in the liver and skeletal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Islet of Langerhans Cells

A

Composed of Alpha and Beta Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Delta Cells

A

5% secrete somatostatin

Somatostatin- from the hypothalamus inhibits pituitary gland secretion of growth hormone and thyroid stimulating hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Somatostatin is produced in the

A

Pancreas

Inhibits the secretion of other pancreatic hormones such as insulin and glucagon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

D1 Cells

A

VIP- Vasoactive Instestinal Polypeptide

Neuropeptide functions as neuromodulator and neurotransmitter . Potent vasodilator.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

PP Cells

A

Pancreatic Polypeptide

Inhibitor of glucagon release at low glucose level . Feeling of fullness of hormone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Exocrine Function

A

Acini Cells- Secrete Amylase, Lipase, trypsin as digestive enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Exocrine

A

Acini Cells

Secrete Pancreatic Juices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Endocrine

A

Islets of Langerhans
- Secrete insulin and glucagon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pancreas has two main functions

A

Exocrine Function- Helps in digestion

Endocrine Function- regulates blood sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

DM

A

Disease characterized by hyperglycemia, caused by defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

DI caused by problems with what hormone

A

Vasopressin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

4 types of DI

A

Central
Nephrogenic
Dipsogenic
Gestational

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Absence of insulin production ( beta cells are destroyed from autoimmune response)

A

Type 1

Insulin Dependent or Juvenile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Type 2 DM

A

Deficiency of insulin production, decreased insulin action, and increased insulin resistance

non- insulin diabetes or adult onset diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Any degree of glucose intolerance with onset of pregnancy

A

Gestational Diabetes

22
Q

LADA

A

Latent AutoImmune Diabetes of Adults

Destruction of beta cells of langerhans- progresses more slowly

23
Q

Pre Diabetes, IGT, or IFT

A

Impaired fasting glucose
Impaired glucose tolerance
Hx of Hyperglycemia

24
Q

Risk Factors of Diabetes

A

Family Hx
Obesity
Race/ Ethnicity
Age
HTN
HDL
Hx of gestational diabetes or delivery baby over 9 pounds

25
Q

Functions of Insulin

A

Transports and metabolizes glucose for energy

Stimulates storage of glucose in liver and muscle as glycogen

Signals the liver to stop the release of glucose

Enhances storage of fat
Accelerates the transport of AA
Inhibits the breakdown of stored glucose, protein, and fat

26
Q

Medications that can potentiate Diabetes

A

Anti- Seizure
Psychiatric
HIV meds
Glucocorticoids
Sulfas
Thiazide
Estrogens
Loops

27
Q

Type 1 Diabetes

A

Insulin producing beta cells in pancreas are destroyed by autoimmune process

Requires insulin because little or no insulin produced

Onset is acute and usually before age 30

Peak incidence at puberty

28
Q

Classic presentation of Diabetes

A

3 P’s
Polyphagia
Polydipsia
Polyuria

29
Q

Type 2 Diabetes

A

Decreased sensitivity to insulins and impaired beta cell function result in decreased insulin production

Slow progressive glucose intolerance

Treated with diet and exercise

Oral Antidiabetics

30
Q

Type 2 Diabetes

A

Stronger Diabetic disposition

Caused by either decreased insulin secretion

DKA can occur with hyperosmolality

HHNS may occur

31
Q

Risk Factors of Type 1 Diabetes

A

Genetics
Immunologic factors
Environmental factors

32
Q

Risk Factors of Type 2 Diabetes

A

Obesity
Age
Impaired fasting glucose
HTN
HDLs
History of gestational diabetes

33
Q

Clinical Manifestations

A

Three Ps

Fatigue, weakness, vision changes, tingling and numbness in hands or feet’s, dry skin, skin lesions, slow to heal, recurrent infections

Type 1 may have sudden weight loss

34
Q

Diagnostic Findings

A

Fasting Blood Glucose 126 or more

Random glucose exceeding 200mg/ dl

Two hour post load glucose equal to or greater than 200 during an oral glucose tolerance test

Hgb A1C > 6.5%

35
Q

Gerontologic Considerations

A

Age related elevation of blood glucose

Glucose tolerance test is more specific than urine testing for the elderly

36
Q

Treatment Goal of Blood Glucose Levels

A

Intensive Control
Insulin Pump
Monitoring Glucose
Weekly Contracts
Decreases complications progression

37
Q

Dietary Management Goals

A

Maintain the pleasure of eating, include personal and cultural preferences

Promote exercise and activity

Achieve and maintain BMI under 25

Decrease serum lipids

Prevent wide fluctuations of blood glucose

38
Q

Role of the Nurse with Diabetes

A

Knowledge of diet

Communicate with dietician

Reinforce Pt understanding

Support Dietary and lifestyle changes

39
Q

Meal Planning

A

Consider food preferences, lifestyle, cultures

Review diet history and need for weight loss

Caloric requirements

Carbohydrates
Fat
Protein
Fiber

40
Q

Glycemic Index

A

Combining starchy foods with protein and fat slows absorption and glycemic response

Raw or whole food tend to have lower responses than cooked, chopped, pureed foods

Eat whole fruits than juices because of fiber

Adding food with sugars may produce lower response if eaten with foods that re more slowly absorbed

41
Q

Other Dietary Concerns include

A

Alcohol
Nutritive and nonnutritive sweeteners
Reading Labels

42
Q

Exercise does what?

A

Lowers blood sugar
Aids in weight loss
Lowers CV risk

43
Q

Exercise Precautions

A

Exercise elevates blood sugar levels, insulin must be adjusted

refrain from exercise when glucose is above 250 or ketones in the urine

44
Q

Insulin normally decreases with exercise

A

Pt on exogeneous insulin should eat carbohydrate snack before moderate exercise to prevent hypoglycemia

Monitor Blood glucose

45
Q

Inhaled Insulin

A

Afrezza

46
Q

Rapid Acting

A

Pt instructed eat no more 5-15 min after injection

ex LAG
Lispro
Aspart
Glulisine

47
Q

Short acting

A

Given 15 min before a meal either alone or in combination with longer acting

Regular Insulin- Only insulin that can be given IV

Insulins with R

48
Q

Intermediate Acting

A

NPH

White and Cloudy. Should eat food around some time around onset and peak.

Insulins with N

49
Q

Educating Pt in Insulin Self management

A

Use and action insulin

Symptoms of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia - Required Actions

Blood Glucose Monitoring
Self Injection of Insulin
Insulin Pump Use

50
Q

Small machine that gives small and steady doses of insulin throughout the day

A

Insulin Pump.
Can give pumps during meal times

If attaches to skin- self adhesive Pump

51
Q

Used for pt with Type 2 diabetics

A

Oral antidiabetic medications

Combinations of oral drugs may be used

Major side effect: hypoglycemia

Nursing Interventions: monitor blood glucose for hypogly

Pt education

ADN002 MED SURG (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions