week 4 - cognitive development Flashcards
what is developmental psychology
studies the way humans develop through different stages of their life. it examines changes/consistancies and gains/losses over the lifespan of indivisual
accoridng to piaget, what are the two ways humans adapt to their enviornment
accomidation and assimilation - accomindation is when you alter the schemas to fit reality - assimilation is when schema is the same as the action/event observed
example: toki might think every aniimal that is 4 leggedare all dogs; assimilation = when toki sees a dog accomodation: when he sees a racoon and thinks its a dog - he must alter his schema to make it correct
what is piagets 4 stages of cognitive developemnt?
sensorimotor , preoperational stage, concrete operational stage , formal operational stage
what is involved in the sensorimotor stage? what is the main task developed during this time?
is stage when babies gather information about their enviornment through their senses - touch, taste, hear, see
develop object permenance: they cannot recognise that an object can still exist even if they cannot see it themselves
what is the preoperational stage? Generally at what age does this begin?
2-6/7 yrs
- children engage pretend play
- develop symbolic thought - use symbols to represent things (Stacy knows diff. between her mum on facetime and her mum in real life)
- egocentric - dont understand that other people have different view to them (sit infornt of you whne watching TV beause they think they can see TV because they can see T)
- difficulilty in mental-solving problem activities (PRE- operational)
what is concrete operational stage?
- using mental operations and thoughts to learn concrete concepts
- learn conservation; example: give a glass of 250mL wter in large skinny glass and put that water in a wide short glass -> during this stage they are understand its the same amount of water
- children who master conversation goes to formal operational stage
- decrenttration - focus on more than one aspect of problem/object
- reversible thought (can count to 13 and count backwards)
- tranformational thought : can understand the process of change from one state to another
- seriation: ability to order items with respect to a common feature (ordering socks by colour, ordering pencils by length)
- transverstity: ordering things by comparing them to a benchmark piece (want to put books in order by size but no ruler -> compared book A + B to book C to determine the heaviest/lightest book)
what is formal operational stage?
- begins 12 yrs +
- thinking more abstract terms: instead of realising consequences to actions, there are consequences when YOU DONT follow behaviour/action
- egocentri: ability to argue and prove that your point is correct recognises that actions/behaviours come with consequences
- draw conclusions on tested hypothesis/situations
- egocentric: ability to argue to prove their point
- ability to make desicions based on reason : moving to college in diff. state - considers how much he has to pay a week, how much work he has to do to earn money, how much study he has to do
what has the child developed at the end of the preoperational stage?
- developed symbolic thought - ability to speak, write,, read
- can solve mental-problem solving problems
- ability to move away from egocentrism
what are piagets direct learning concepts or schemes?
accomodation - ability to change/tweek your mental thoughts/perception to fit the external environment
assimilation - where your cognitve thoughts match external observation
adaptation - adapting to your previous thoughts with new ones to interpret the world correctly (combining assimilation and accomodation)
what is centration, static thought and irriversible thought? when do these stages occur?
- occurs in preoperational stage
centration: focussing on one aspect of the problem (when i push 3 blocks spaced out evenly on a table closer together, they will think there are now smaller amount of block on the table)
irreversibility - actions, thought, things cannot be reversed (counting to 13 but cant count backwards/can tie but cannot untie shoelace)
static thought: assumption that the world doesnt change (when i was little when i looked at mums photo when she was a child i thought that wasnt her because mum is older now)
when do the concepts of seration, trasnsversitity, tranformational thought, reversible thought and decentration occur within the stages of development?
concrete operational stage
