Week 10 Stress and Coping Flashcards
what is the world definition of health
- indivisuals complete state of health
- social, mental, psychological
- NOT just goverened by the absense of abnormality/disorders
what is health psychology?
Focusses on psychological influences in the indivisuals
- how ppl stay healthly
- how ppl become ill
- how ppl respond to their illness
what are the different theories within health psychology?
- health belief model
- self-protection motivational change
- theory of reasoned action
- theory of planned behaviour (TRA + self efficacy)
- transtheoretical model
what are the four key componenets in the health belief model theory?
- Perceived susceptibility: Is the perception of someone believing he is or i likely to develop the illness.
* E.g George has uncle with lung cancer from smoking all the time. Because his family has it, George believes if he continues to smoke, he will be very susceptible in getting lung cancer
* Optimism bias: when someone is too optimistic and believes he or she is less susceptible in developing the illness when compared to others - Perceived seriousness/severity
* The perception someone has on how serious the illness is and is related to the physical consequences of the illness as well as how seriously it affects the peers around them including family, friends, peers
* More severe = more serious the illness is to someone
* Example: Georges uncle passed away, so he now perceives smoking to result in a very serious illness - Benefits/barriers:
* When a person evaluates the weight of benefits vs barriers when quitting
* Example:- George sees many benefits in quitting smoking: prevents lung cancer, better ability to exercise, better skin, longer life.
- negative barriers quitting smoking: weight gain, alienating peers, going against social norm within “adolescents” (depends on the environment)
- Cues of action: factors that influence the person in quitting or not quitting : friends, parents, siblings, media, social norm, environment
what is the basis of Theory of planned behaviour?
TPB - believes that somones intentions is the greatest predictor in someones behaviour/action.
- INTENTION is predicted by 3 things
1. ATTITUDE - negative/positive (going to dance club will it be fun/will it be boring and annoying?)
2. SELF - EFFICACY - hard/ easy ( how hard is it to undertake the task - will it be hard/nuisance to go to the club/do you have transportation/will there be traffic?
3. SOCIAL NORMS - attitudes/behaviours that are considered normal and determines others approval/disapproval for a particular behaviour - approve/ disapprove (how would others react if you went to the club/will your reputation be reuined?)
what is the theory of reasoned action?
it is the same as TPB but MINUS the self efficacy portion
what is the transtheoretical model? what are the 5 stages included in this theory?
- precontemplation: stage where indivisual is not thinking of changing - likes/agrees with his/her behaviour and thinks there is nothing wrong with it
- contemplation: contemplating on changing and begins to realise that his/her actions are wrong and should be changed. This stage the person does not make a change yet
- preparation: ready to make a change - begins to prepare in order to make the change - looking up therpaists/diet programs/
- action : starts to actually make a change - begins the diet/started councelling/reducing smoking by only smoking half a packet a week - this stage is the most susceptible in relapsing
- maintainance: maintaining the change and is at a stable state
- termination
what are some barriers in modifying poor health?
- poor health habits become ingrained
- culmalatative - the poor habit is not evident until months/years later
- behaviour is pleasurable and addictive
- just because someone is healthy in one aspect of life, does NOT mean he/she is healthy in other aspects
example: Very fit and goes to the gym 3/4 times a week but engages in popping pills 3 days a week
what are some factors causing instability to health?
- factors can change within the period of engaging in the behaviour
- different factors control same behaviour for diff ppl
- health behaviour patterns changes within a persons lifetime
How does intervening with children/adolescents affect their health
- socialisation - influenced by social norms, rules, beliefs from their family/society
- adolescents ignore early training from parents - adolescents really vunerable to problamatic health
How is intereving iwth at risk people affect their health? what are some problems seen with this?
- alerting the ppl early of their old habits may prevent continuning and contributes to vulnerability
- knowledge of the affects of bad behaviour/habits monitor their situation
problems: people dont realise how srs their problem is, optimistic bias, ethical issues (how early or when is the best time to address that someone has a problem?)
what are some psychosocial interventions in treating health?
- motivational interviewing
- CBT
- drugs
- stepped care
what is the general adaptation syndrome? (GAS)
- when people have experienced a prolonged period of stress they undergo 3 distinctive stages
1. alarm reduction: your body adjusts to the experienced stress
2. stage of resistance: your body becomes used to the amount of stress it is under
3. stage of exhaustion: bodys resources are drained and stress hormones depleted -> results in person becoming sick (think to when exams are over you always get sick)
Describe the 3 process of stress
- Primary appraisal: deciding if the situation is irrelvant/relevant, positive or threatening
- secondary appraisal: deciding on ways to cope with the stress and access the resources the person has to potentially overcome the stress
- action
what are the two ways of coping with stress?
- problem focused: try to reduce or change the stressor by evaluating, analysing the problem and see how it can be changed
- emotion-focused: Focusses on changing the emotion to the particular stressor - engaging in sport activities, seeking support from friends/family