Week 4 - Cardiology Flashcards
If you suspect stroke - what do you check for in examination? What tests would help establish diagnosis?
neurological exam - pupillary size, reflex, bilateral strength
CBC, PTT, head CT scan or MRI
Symptoms of a stroke include _________
gradual or sudden numbness/weakness, especially one side of body
gradual or sudden confusion or trouble speaking/ understanding speech
gradual or sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes
gradual or sudden trouble with walking, dizziness, loss of balance/coordination
gradual or sudden severe headache w/ no known cause
The two forms of stroke are _________
ischemic
hemmorhagic
An aneurysm is ______ and is associated with _____deficiency
a swelling or dilation in a blood vessel
copper
Hemmorhagic stroke is more common in patients treated with ___________
anticoagulants or platelet anti-aggregants
D-Dimer is a _________
blood test that measures Fibrin Degradation Fragment that is released when a blood clot breaks up
Symptoms of pulmonary embolism include _______
- Sudden feeling of apprehension
- Shortness of breath
- Sharp chest pain
- Rapid pulse
- Sweating
- Cough with bloody sputum
- Fainting
DVT is _______. Symptoms include ______
It is the formation of a blood clot, known as a thrombus, in the deep leg vein.
- Pain
- Sudden swelling in the affected limb
- Enlargement of the superficial veins
- Reddish-blue discoloration
- Skin that is warm to the touch
Lymphedema is ________. Causes of lymphedema include _________
lymphatic dysfunction, resulting in an abnormal
accumulation of interstitial fluid containing high molecular weight proteins
axillary lymphadenectomy, filariasis
Endocarditis is __________
an inflammation of the inside lining of the heart chambers and heart valves
Risk factors for endocarditis include _________
- Injection drug use
- recent dental surgery
- permanent central venous access lines
- prior valve surgery
- weakened valves
Causative agents of endocarditis include _______
- Bacterial infection is the most common source of endocarditis.
- However, it can also be caused by fungi.
- In some cases, no causative organism can be identified
Cardiac angiography is an imaging technique used to identify ________
coronary ischemia
Medications used in the management of myocarditis include _________
- Vasodilators (e.g. nitroglycerin, sodium nitroprusside)
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (e.g, enalapril)
- Diuretics (eg, furosemide) to reduce the Pre-load
Myocarditis is ___________
is an uncommon disorder caused by viral infections such as coxsackie virus, adenovirus, and echovirus.
In myocarditis, the heart muscle becomes inflamed and weakened, causing symptoms of___________,
which may mimic a _________.
heart failure
heart attack
Medications used in the management of pericarditis include _________
- NSAIDs
- Antibiotics
- Pericardiocentesis
Pericarditis is __________. It is usually a complication of ___________ but it can also be caused by _______
is a disorder caused by inflammation of the pericardium.
echovirus or cocksackie viruses
influenza, HIV infection, bacteria
Symptoms of pericarditis include ________
•Chest pain usually relieved by sitting up and leaning forward. Radiating to the neck,
shoulder, and back. Often increases with deep breathing.
•Splinting of ribs
•Dry cough
•Fatigue
•Fever
•Anxiety
