Week 4 - Cardiology

Question 1

If you suspect stroke - what do you check for in examination? What tests would help establish diagnosis?

Answer 1

neurological exam - pupillary size, reflex, bilateral strength

CBC, PTT, head CT scan or MRI

Question 2

Symptoms of a stroke include _________

Answer 2

gradual or sudden numbness/weakness, especially one side of body
gradual or sudden confusion or trouble speaking/ understanding speech
gradual or sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes
gradual or sudden trouble with walking, dizziness, loss of balance/coordination
gradual or sudden severe headache w/ no known cause

Question 3

The two forms of stroke are _________

Answer 3

ischemic

hemmorhagic

Question 4

An aneurysm is ______ and is associated with _____deficiency

Answer 4

a swelling or dilation in a blood vessel

copper

Question 5

Hemmorhagic stroke is more common in patients treated with ___________

Answer 5

anticoagulants or platelet anti-aggregants

Question 6

D-Dimer is a _________

Answer 6

blood test that measures Fibrin Degradation Fragment that is released when a blood clot breaks up

Question 7

Symptoms of pulmonary embolism include _______

Answer 7

• Sudden feeling of apprehension
• Shortness of breath
• Sharp chest pain
• Rapid pulse
• Sweating
• Cough with bloody sputum
• Fainting

Question 8

DVT is _______. Symptoms include ______

Answer 8

It is the formation of a blood clot, known as a thrombus, in the deep leg vein.

• Pain
• Sudden swelling in the affected limb
• Enlargement of the superficial veins
• Reddish-blue discoloration
• Skin that is warm to the touch

Question 9

Lymphedema is ________. Causes of lymphedema include _________

Answer 9

lymphatic dysfunction, resulting in an abnormal
accumulation of interstitial fluid containing high molecular weight proteins

axillary lymphadenectomy, filariasis

Question 10

Endocarditis is __________

Answer 10

an inflammation of the inside lining of the heart chambers and heart valves

Question 11

Risk factors for endocarditis include _________

Answer 11

• Injection drug use
• recent dental surgery
• permanent central venous access lines
• prior valve surgery
• weakened valves

Question 12

Causative agents of endocarditis include _______

Answer 12

• Bacterial infection is the most common source of endocarditis.
• However, it can also be caused by fungi.
• In some cases, no causative organism can be identified

Question 13

Cardiac angiography is an imaging technique used to identify ________

Answer 13

coronary ischemia

Question 14

Medications used in the management of myocarditis include _________

Answer 14

• Vasodilators (e.g. nitroglycerin, sodium nitroprusside)
• Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (e.g, enalapril)
• Diuretics (eg, furosemide) to reduce the Pre-load

Question 15

Myocarditis is ___________

Answer 15

is an uncommon disorder caused by viral infections such as coxsackie virus, adenovirus, and echovirus.

Question 16

In myocarditis, the heart muscle becomes inflamed and weakened, causing symptoms of___________,
which may mimic a _________.

Answer 16

heart failure

heart attack

Question 17

Medications used in the management of pericarditis include _________

Answer 17

• NSAIDs
• Antibiotics
• Pericardiocentesis

Question 18

Pericarditis is __________. It is usually a complication of ___________ but it can also be caused by _______

Answer 18

is a disorder caused by inflammation of the pericardium.

echovirus or cocksackie viruses

influenza, HIV infection, bacteria

Question 19

Symptoms of pericarditis include ________

Answer 19

•Chest pain usually relieved by sitting up and leaning forward. Radiating to the neck,
shoulder, and back. Often increases with deep breathing.
•Splinting of ribs
•Dry cough
•Fatigue
•Fever
•Anxiety