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Unit 3: SXS lab > Week 4 > Flashcards

Week 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Origin of axillary artery

A

-subclavian artery

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2
Q

How is axillary artery divided

A
  • 3 parts; by pec minor

- before 1st, behind 2nd, 3rd after

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3
Q

Major branches from each part of the artery

A
  • Major arteries of the 1st part = superior thoracic
  • 2nd part = thoracoacromial artery and lateral thoracic
  • 3rd = posterior circumflex, anterior circumflex, and subscapular
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4
Q

Which veins terminate into axillary vein

A
  • basilic and cephalic
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5
Q

Alpha granule

A
  • in platelet; contains fibrinogen, PDGF, TGF alpha and beta
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6
Q

dense core granules

A

-contains CA, serotonin, and ADP

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7
Q

What is open canalicular system

A

aids in rapid degranulation

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8
Q

Granulomere

A

central portion containing granules and lysosomes

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9
Q

primary aggregation

A

platelet plug, part of clotting steps

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10
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

less than 150000 platelets

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11
Q

megakaryocyte

A

precursor cells of platelets with a multi-lobed nucleus

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12
Q

what are pro-platelets

A

cytoplasmic projections from megakaryocytes

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13
Q

what are demarcation zones

A

invagination of the cell membrane of megakaryocyte

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14
Q

what is endomitosis

A

serial nuclear division without cell division

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15
Q

what is thrombopoietin

A

growth factor that is essential for development of megakaryocytes

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16
Q

compartments of the arm

A
  • divided by humerus and intermuscular septum
  • anterior: flexors
  • posterior: extensors
17
Q

how are the forearm and hand supplied with arterial blood?

A
  • deep palmar arch
  • superficial palmar arch
  • digital arteries
18
Q

Elbow anastamosis

A
  • permits blood flow around elbow during flexion

- contributing arteries: brachial, deep brachial, ulnar, radial

19
Q

Damage of Musculocutaneous nerve

A
  • Sensory loss of numb lateral forearm
  • Weakness in elbow flexion
  • Weakness in forearm supination
  • Absent biceps reflex
20
Q

Injury to radial nerve

A
  • Loss/Weakness of posterior compartment muscles - no extension of wrist
  • Results in wrist drop/Saturday night palsy
21
Q

cubital fossa boundaries

A

-cephalic vein, basilic vein, median cubital vein

22
Q

clinical significance of the median cubital vein

A

○ Presumed to protect the neuromuscular bundle in the cubital fossa such as the median nerve and the brachial artery, which pass deep to it

23
Q

How do you test the median nerve?

A

Thumb (c6) and index finger (C7)

24
Q

How do you test the ulnar nerve

A

median side of elbow

25
Q

4 main vessels of the cubital fossa

A
  1. Radial nerve:Passes underneath the brachioradialis muscle and divides into its deep and superficial branches
  2. Biceps Tendon: Attaching to the radial tuberosity, distal to the neck of the radius
  3. Brachial artery: Bifurcates into the radial and ulnar arteries at the apex of the cubital fossa
  4. Median Nerve: Leaves the cubital between the two heads of the pronation teres
26
Q

Spontaneous intracranial bleeding

A

when Platelet count is less than 10,000 cells/mL

27
Q

Low platelet count can cause

A

○ Petechiae = spotted/pinpoint superficial skin bleed
○ Anterior epistaxis = mild nosebleed
○ Immediate bleeding after surgery
-Bleeding from mucocutaneous surfaces

28
Q

Psuedothrombocytopenia

A

○ When blood collected from patient is added to an anti-coagulant EDTA to prevent clotting but EDTA can cause platelets to clump together which the machine will read as one platelet thus giving the false impression of low platelet count

29
Q

Bleeding time

  • what is it?
  • when will it be abnormal?
  • 9 minutes in…
A
  • indirect measure of platelet number and more direct measure of platelet function, vascular integrity, and platelet interaction with vascular sub-endothelium
  • should be abnormal in patients with thrombocytopenia, platelet function abnormalities, abnormal collagen (Ehlers-Danilo’s Syndrome) and von Willibrand disease
  • for children has been shown to be less than 9 minutes and in prolonged cases where the platelet count is less than 100,000/mm or when disorders of platelet adhesion or aggregation are present
30
Q

Platelet function analysis

A
  • modern substitute for bleeding time

- closure time is recorded

31
Q

Platelet aggregation studies

A
  • • With Platelet rich blood, light transmission is poor, and therefore when the platelets begin to become activated and begin to clump together, they take up less space in the solution and allow for more light transmission;
32
Q

PT, PTT, and thrombin time in different conditions:

  • hemophilia A
  • VWD
  • liver disease
  • patient on heaprin
A
  • Hemophilia A: bleeding time and PT normal, PTT is significantly prolonged
  • VWD: prolonged bleeding time, PTT mildly prolonged, PT normal
  • liver disease: prolongedPTandPTT and thrombin time
  • hapin will increase thrombin time, PTT, and PT

Unit 3: SXS lab (7 decks)

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