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Unit 3: SXS lab > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior axio-appendicular muscles

A
  • serratus anterior
  • pectoralis major
  • pectoralis minor
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2
Q

Serratus anterior

A
  • O: external surface of lateral parts of 1st-8th ribs
  • I: anterior surface of medial border of scapula
  • N: long thoracic nerve (C5-C7)
  • A:
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3
Q

Pectoralis major

A
  • O: clavicular head (anterior surface of medial half of clavicle); sternocostal head (anterior surface of sternum, superior six costal cartilages, and aponeurosis of external oblique muscle
  • I: lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
  • N: lateral and medial pectoral nerves; clavicular head and sternocostal head
  • A: adducts and medially rotates humerus; draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly; clavicular head flexes humerus; sternocostal head: extends it from flexed position
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4
Q

Pectoralis minor

A
  • O: 3rd-5th ribs near their costal cartilage
  • I: medial border and superior surface of coracoid process of scapula
  • N: medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)
  • A: stabilizes scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall
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5
Q

Posterior axio-appendicular muscles

A 
(superficial)
-trap
-latissimus dorsi
(deep)
-rhomboid major
-rhomboid minor
-levator scapulae
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6
Q

trap

A
  • O: Medial third of superior nuchal line; external occipital protuberance; nuchal ligament; spinous processes of C7–T12 vertebrae
  • I: Lateral third of clavicle; acromion and spine of scapula
  • N: Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) (motor fibers) and C3, C4 spinal nerves (pain and proprioceptive fibers)
  • A: Descending part elevates; ascending part depresses; and middle part (or all parts together) retracts scapula; descending and ascending parts act together to rotate glenoid cavity superiorly
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7
Q

lat dorsi

A
  • O: Spinous processes of inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and inferior 3 or 4 ribs
  • I: Floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
  • N: Dorsal scapular (C4, C5) and cervical (C3, C4) nerves
  • A: Extends, adducts, and medially rotates humerus; raises body toward arms during climbing
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8
Q

levator scapulae

A
  • O: Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1–C4 vertebrae
  • I: Medial border of scapula superior to root of scapular spine
  • N: Dorsal scapular (C4, C5) and cervical (C3, C4) nerves
  • A: Elevates scapula and rotates its glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula
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9
Q

rhomboid minor and major

A

-O: Minor: nuchal ligament; spinous processes of C7 and T1 vertebrae
Major: spinous processes of T2–T5 vertebrae
-I: Minor: smooth triangular area at medial end of scapular spine
Major: medial border of scapula from level of spine to inferior angle
-N: Dorsal scapular nerve (C4,C5)
-A: Retract scapula and rotate its glenoid cavity inferiorly; fix scapula to thoracic wall

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10
Q

Scapulohumeral muscles

A
  • deltoid
  • supraspinatus
  • infraspinatus
  • teres minor
  • teres major
  • subscapularis
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11
Q

deltoid

A

-O: Lateral third of clavicle; acromion and spine of scapula
-I: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
-N: Axillary nerve (C5, C6)
-A: Clavicular (anterior) part: flexes and medially rotates arm
Acromial (middle) part: abducts arm
Spinal (posterior) part: extends and laterally rotates arm

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12
Q

supraspinatus

A
  • O: Supraspinous fossa of scapula
  • I: Superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
  • N: Suprascapular nerve (C4,C5, C6)
  • A: Initiates and assists deltoid in abduction of arm and acts with rotator cuff muscle
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13
Q

infraspinatus

A
  • O: Infraspinous fossa of scapula
  • I: Middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus
  • N: Suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)
  • A: Laterally rotates arm; and acts with rotator cuff muscles
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14
Q

teres minor

A
  • O: Middle part of lateral border of scapula
  • I: Inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
  • N: Axillary nerve (C5, C6)
  • A: Laterally rotates arm; and acts with rotator cuff muscle
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15
Q

teres major

A
  • O: Posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula
  • I: Medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
  • N: Lower subscapular nerve (C5,C6)
  • A: Adducts and medially rotates arm
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16
Q

subscapularis

A
  • O: Subscapular fossa (most of anterior surface of scapula)
  • I: Lesser tubercle of humerus
  • N: Upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5,C6, C7)
  • A: Medially rotates arm; as part of rotator cuff, helps hold head of humerus in glenoid cavi
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17
Q

Coracobrachialis

A

O: tip of coracoid process of scapula
I: middle third of medial surface of humerus
A: flexes and adducts arm at shoulder
N: musculocutaneous n.

18
Q

Biceps brachii short head

A

O: tip of coracoid process of scapula
I: radial tuberosity, fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis
A: flexes and supinates forearm at elbow
N: musculocutaneous n (C5, C6)

19
Q

Biceps brachii long head

A

O: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
I: radial tuberosity, fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis
A: flexes and supinates forearm at elbow
N: musculocutaneous n (C5, C6)

20
Q

Brachialis

A

O: distal half of anterior surface of humerus
I: coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna
A: flexes forearm at elbow
N: musculocutaneous n and radial n (C7)

21
Q

Triceps Brachii

A
  • Origin: Long head- infraglenoid tubercle; Lateral head- posterior humeral shaft superior to radial groove; Medial head- posterior humeral shaft inferior to radial groove
  • Insertion: Olecranon process (ulna)
  • Actions: Extend elbow (all) & shoulder (long head only)
  • Innervation: Radial n.
  • Blood supply: Profunda Brachii a
22
Q

Aconeus

A
  • Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
  • Insertion: Lateral olecranon process of ulna
  • Actions: Extend & stabilize elbow joint (fine-tunes joint)
  • Innervation: Radial n.
  • Blood supply: Profunda Brachii a.
23
Q

Pronator teres

A
  • origin: ulnar-coronoid process, humeral-medial epicondyle
  • insertion: middle convexity of the lateral surface of the radius
  • innervation: median n
  • action: pronates and flexes forearm at the elbow
24
Q

Flexor carpi radialis

A
  • O: medial epicondyle
  • I: base of 2nd medicarpal
  • N: median nerve
  • A: flexes and abducts he hand
25
Palmaris longus
- O: medial epicondyle - I: distal portion of flexor retinaculum and apex of palmar aponeurosis - N: median - A: flexes wrist and tenses the palmar aponeuroses
26
Flexor carpi ulnaris
- O: humeral-medial epicondyle; ulnar-olecranon - I: pisiform, hook of hamate, base of 5th metacarpal - N: ulnar - A: flexes and adducts hand
27
Flexor digitorum superficialis
- O: humero/ulnar head-medial epicondyle; radial head-sup. half of ant. border - I: shaft of middle phalanges of medial four digits - N: median - A: flexes middle phalanges at PIP joints of medial four digits and proximal phalanges at MC joints
28
Flexor digitorum profundis
- O: proximal 3/4 of medial and anterior surfaces of ulna and interosseous membrane - I: medial portion- base of distal phalnges of 4th and 5th digits; lateral portion- base of distal phalnges of 2nd and 3rd digits - N: medial portion- ulnar; lateral portion- anterior interosseous - A: medial- flexes 4th and 5th at DIP; lateral- flexes 2nd and 3rd at DIP
29
Flexor pollicis longus
- O: anterior surface of radius and interosseous membrane - I: base of distal phalanx of thumb - N: anterior interosseous - A: flexes phalanges of thumb
30
Pronator quadratus
- O: distal 1/4 of anterior surface of the ulna - I: distal 1/4 of anterior surface of the radius - N: anterior interosseous - A: pronates forearm
31
Brachioradialis
O: Proximal two thirds of supra-epicondylar ridge of humerus I: Lateral surface of distal end of radius proximal to styloid process N: Radial nerve (C5, C6, C7) A: Relatively weak flexion of forearm; maximal when forearm is in midpronated position
32
Extensor carpi radialis brevis
O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus I: Dorsal aspect of base of 3rd metacarpal N: Deep branch of radial nerve (C7, C8) A: Extend and abduct hand at the wrist joint; ECRL active during fist clenching
33
Extensor digitorum
O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus I: Extensor expansions of medial 4 digits N: Deep branch of radial nerve (C7, C8) A: Extends medial four digits primarily at metacarpophalangeal joints, secondarily at interphalangeal joints
34
Extensor digiti minimi
O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus I: Extensor expansion of 5th digit N: Deep branch of radial nerve (C7, C8) A: Extends 5th digit primarily at metacarpophalangeal joint, secondarily at interphalangeal joint
35
Extensor carpi ulnaris
O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus; posterior border of ulna via a shared aponeurosis I: Dorsal aspect of base of 5th metacarpal N: Deep branch of radial nerve (C7, C8) A: Extends and adducts hand at wrist joint (also active during fist clenching)
36
Supinator
O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus; radial collateral and anular ligaments; supinator fossa; crest of ulna I: Lateral, posterior, and anterior surfaces of proximal third of radius N: Deep branch of radial nerve (C7, C8) A: Supinates forearm; rotates radius to turn palm anteriorly or superiorly (if elbow is flexed)
37
Extensor carpi radialis longus
O: Lateral supra-epicondylar ridge of humerus I: Dorsal aspect of base of 2nd metacarpal N: Radial nerve (C6, C7) A: Extend and abduct hand at the wrist joint; ECRL active during fist clenching
38
Extensor indicis
O: Posterior surface of distal third of ulna and interosseous membrane I: Extensor expansion of 2nd digit N: Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8), continuation of deep branch of radial nerve A: Extends 2nd digit (enabling its independent extension); helps extend hand at wrist
39
Abductor pollicis longus
O: Posterior surface of proximal halves of ulna, radius, and interosseous membrane I: Base of 1st metacarpal N: Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8), continuation of deep branch of radial nerve A: Abducts thumb and extends it at carpometacarpal joint
40
Extensor pollicis longus
O: Posterior surface of middle third of ulna and interosseous membrane I: Dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of thumb N: Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8), continuation of deep branch of radial nerve A: Extends distal phalanx of thumb at interphalangeal joint; extends metacarpophalangeal and carpometacarpal joints
41
Extensor pollicis brevis
O: Posterior surface of distal third of radius and interosseous membrane I: Dorsal aspect of base of proximal phalanx of thumb N: Posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8), continuation of deep branch of radial nerve A: Extends proximal phalanx of thumb at metacarpophalangeal joint; extends carpometacarpal joint

Unit 3: SXS lab (7 decks)

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