week 4

Question 1

components of culture- material culture

Answer 1

all objects we can see of touch that are made by humans

ex.the artifacts of a group of people

Question 2

components of culture- non-material culture

Answer 2

invisible or intangible aspects of a group’s culture, including its values, beliefs, norms, or rules, and language

Question 3

4 main elements of non-material culture

norms fall into categories, what are they, know them.

Answer 3

-ideal culture
practices, values, beliefs that are considered most desirable and consciously taught to new members of society
-real culture
practices, values, beliefs that reflect how things in society are actually done
-values
shared judgements about what is desirable or underiserable, right or wrong, good or bad
express the basic ideas of a culture
often taken for granted
conflict may arise because of this
-beliefs are ideas we hold about life how society works and where we fit in, come from traditions, religious teachings, lessons from parents, influence the choices we make, often based on values which are broader and more abstract notions of what is desirable

Question 4

explain norms of components of culture include what?

Answer 4

folkways-desirable but not strictly enforced
ex. swearing in house of worship, wearing blue jeans to prom
mores-observed by most, great moral significance
ex.taboos. prohibit actions, very strong penalties
ex. lying to a spouse, incest, parking in handicap when u alright
laws-formally encloded

Question 5

Sanctions explain formal/informal

Answer 5

behaviors that reinforce norms through rewards and penalties
formal-
positive or negative formal sanctions by recognized officials
informal-
positive or negative informal sanctions

Question 6

language - nonmaterial culture

Answer 6

language is the use of symbols to convey meaning, objects, or ideas
-the foundation of every culture

Question 7

language takes what three forms

Answer 7

three forms

-spoken, written, nonverbal

Question 8

what is society and how does your culture influence you?

Answer 8

society is micro level position groups we belong to organization institutions, etc

Question 9

what does society represent

Answer 9

hardware

structures that organize group life

Question 10

cultures represents the

Answer 10

software

ideas and material objects that provide meanings and guidelines for living

Question 11

society and culture are..

Answer 11

interdependent

Question 12

societies are

Answer 12

composed of structures

• positions we hold
• groupd we belong to
• instituations we participate in

Question 13

evolution of societies/emile durkhrim’s types of societies

Answer 13

mechanical societies

organic socitiies

Question 14

mechanical

Answer 14

mechanical solidarity type of social solidarity, small homogenous groups=shared identity bc they know each other, personal connections
Ex. hunter-gatherer groups

1. mechanical solidarity- small societies, primitive ones. Communities where people perform similar tasks that lead to developing a shared consciousness.

Question 15

organic

Answer 15

type of social solidarity (today)
complex division of labor=no shared experiences BUT we have mutual dependence that binds us together

2. organic solidarity- big societies, solidarity is based on interdependence, people have specific jobs, division of labor
   Examples of organic solidarity Doctors, engineers, farmers, teachers, lawyers. Each one needs others to work like organs of the same body.

Question 16

societies may vary in terms of

Answer 16

division of labor
interdependenve of posititions
-technologicaladvanves
-forms and use of energy

Question 17

types of societies are

Answer 17

hunter-fater

• herding/horticultural soceites
• agrucultural socities
• industrial soceitities
• postndustrial or information societies

Question 18

culture

Answer 18

ideas and material object passed on from one generation to the next society

• provides guidelines for actions and interactions
• includes knowledge, beliefs, values, rules, laws, language customes, symbols, and material products

Question 19

what are the principles of culture

Answer 19

everyone shares a culture with others

• culture evovles and adapts over time
• the creation of culture is on going and cumulative
• the transmission of culture serperates humans from other animals

Question 20

ethnocentrism

Answer 20

Ethnocentrism is judging another culture solely by the values and standards of one’s own culture.[1][page needed] Ethnocentric individuals judge other groups relative to their own ethnic group or culture, especially with concern for language, behavior, customs, and religion.

Question 21

Cultural relativism

Answer 21

Cultural relativism is the principle of regarding the beliefs, values, and practices of a culture from the viewpoint of that culture itself.
-settingaside ones own cultural beliefs and preudices in order to understand another group through the eyes of its own members

Question 22

A. Microstructures
B. Subcultures and Countercultures
C. National and Global Culture
i. Global Society and Culture

Answer 22

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