Week 4 Flashcards
Only behavioral addiction that is actually added in DSM-5
Gambling disorder
Opioid abuse is most common amount ___________ (job)
healthcare professionals
Common pathway of all addictive substances = increase ________ in the _______
dopamine, nucleus accumbens
Nucleus Accumbens is the main reward system and the main perpetrator in addiction.
Dopamine plays a big role in addiction but what is endorphin’s role?
to bind to opiate receptor in the post synaptic neuron and ENHANCE the effect of dopamin on the postsynaptic neuron.
Addiction: When the _______ system overrides the _______
- What are the systems and neurocomponents?
- automatic/implicit system overrides the controlled/explicit system.
- Automatic: Amygdala system for emotional memory and Nucleus Accumbens for reward system.
- Controlled: Hippocampal system for explicit memory and PFC for control.
Heroin vs Cocaine Addiction:
- MOA
- Heroin: Turns into morphine, which binds OPIATE receptors in the PAIN and REWARD pathway.
- Cocaine binds to Dopamine Transporter, preventing the reuptake of DA in the NA. Works ONLY on the REWARD pathway (VTA & NA) and the caudate nucleus
Heroin vs Cocaine Addiction:
- How the addiction, tolerance and dependence build up.
Heroin
- Addiction: Via Reward Pathway (NA/PFC)
- Tolerance: Via Pain Pathway through adapation response.
- Dependence: through action in thalamus and brainstem
Cocaine
- Both Addiction and Dependence is mediated by the Reward Pathway
What is the main symptom of dependence?
Withdrawal symptoms.
Cocaine and the Reward Pathway: How does it change?
Repeated use of cocaine changes the function of the reward pathway so it cannot be activated by natural rewards like food, water, or sex.
Physiology of Craving (3)
Increase DA level or neural activation in the NA
Increase DA level in Dorsal Striatum (role of caudate nucleus)
Increase glucose metabolism in the amygdala and Dorsal Lateral PFC
Substance vs Non-Substance Addiction: Difference in automatic and controlled system.
Substance Addiction: Has to do with overactive Automatic/Implicit system
Non-Substance Addiction: Has to do with failing of Controlled/Explicit to regulate automatic system.
What is the main treatment for Non-Substance Disorders?
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. And then may SSRI
Frontotemporal dementia is associated with this non-substance disorder
Sex addiction
DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria: Gambling Disorder
4 symptoms or more in 12 months
- Increasing amount of money to achieve excitement
- Restless or irritable
- unsuccessful efforts to control
- Preoccupied with gambling
- Gambles when feeling distressed
- Chases one’s losses
- Conceal extent of involvement
- Jeopardized or lost relationship or job due to gambling
- Relies on others for financial support.
Media Addiction: What is the related brain region associated with social media?
Mesolimbic dopamine system (nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental areas of the brainstem)
- Isn’t this basically saying the reward system?
