Week 4

Question 1

Define acquired language disorder

Answer 1

damage to the brain itself; typical or normal development up until damage occurs (TBI, brain tumour)

Question 2

Define developmental disorder

Answer 2

begins prior to the emergence of language; can occur secondary to other disorders

Question 3

ADS

Answer 3

Spectrum of early neruodevelopmental disorders of unknown cause characterised by abnormal development of brain circuitry essential for integrating social interaction and communicative skills

Question 4

Red flags for ASD

Answer 4

lack of appropriate eye gaze, response to name , pointing, coordination of gaze & facial expression, repetitive movement

Question 5

Define developmental lexical delays

Answer 5

children who have small vocabularies that are not attributable to poor hearing, low intelligence, brain damage or primary affective disorder

Question 6

Language disorder vs delay

Answer 6

Delay: still developing normally but at a slower rate- will catch up. Disorder: abnormal language development

Question 7

Definition and function of a neurone

Answer 7

The basis of the CNS. Continually adapting to environment. All communication within the brain is done via the neurones and their attachments

Question 8

Definition and function of a soma

Answer 8

Define: most prominent part of the cell, filled with watery, salty K+ rich cytosol. Function: contains important organelles: Nuclues, Rough ER, Smooth ER, golgi apparatus and mitochondria, “mini-factory” to create proteins

Question 9

Definition and function of a Neuronal membrane

Answer 9

Define: A barrier that encloses the cytoplasm. Function: studded with proteins (controls what enters and leaves the cell)

Question 10

Definition and function of the Cytoskeleton

Answer 10

define & Function; non static internal scaffolding of neuronal membrane, three bones; Microtubules (transportation for proteins), Microfilaments (flexible allow for change of shape), Neurofilaments (hold axon together)

Question 11

Definition and function of an axon

Answer 11

Define: Different from soma as ER doesn’t exist in the axon. Axon hillock -> axon proper -> axon terminal. Function: information exchange.

Question 12

Definition and function of a dendrite

Answer 12

Define: the antennae of the neruon, Function: receives the information

Question 13

Name and functions of the 4 different Glia Cells

Answer 13

1. Astrocytes- fills space between neurons, regulates the environment around the nerve cell
2. Myelinating Glia- Schwann Cell- provides layers of membrane that insulates the axon
3. Ependymal cells- cell brith and migration
4. Microglia- moves to site of injury, removes debris & regulates environment

Question 14

Multiple Sclerosis

Answer 14

Demylination eventually causes the neurones to die, results in muscular weakness, tremors, impaired coordination & visual problems. Scars (plaques and lesions) appear in the white matter of the brain & spinal cord when reviewing an MRI

Question 15

Name 5 protective layers of the brain

Answer 15

1. skull, dura mater (hard wearing) , arachnoid layer (spider, sticky), pia mater (glad wrap) , subarachnoid space (filled with CSF)

Question 16

Gyrus

Answer 16

small protrusion or bump formed by folding of the cerebral cortex

Question 17

Sulcus

Answer 17

a groove in the brain matter, usually found in the folding of the cerebral cortex

Question 18

Fissure

Answer 18

A very deep sulcus

Question 19

Brain stem

Answer 19

includes the hindbrain, midbrain, thalamus, hypothalamus and is responsible for basic unconscious behaviour (breathing)

Question 20

Cerebrum

Answer 20

Major structure of the forebrain, consists of two virtually identical hemispheres

Question 21

Cerebellum

Answer 21

coordination of motor and possibly other mental processes

Question 22

Somatic Nervous System

Answer 22

transmits sensation & produces movement

Question 23

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 23

Balances internal functions. Parasympathetic; rest & digest. Sympathetic: fight or flight